Human olfactory neural progenitor cells reveal differences in IL-6, IL-8, thrombospondin-1, and MCP-1 in major depression disorder and borderline personality disorder

BackgroundDiscovering biological markers is essential for understanding and treating mental disorders. Despite the limitations of current non-invasive methods, neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (hNPCs-OE) have been emphasized as potential biomarker sources. This study measured soluble factors in these cells in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and healthy controls (HC).MethodsWe assessed thirty-five participants divided into MDD (n=14), BPD (n=14), and HC (n=7). MDD was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. BPD was evaluated using the DSM-5 criteria and the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders. We isolated hNPCs-OE, collected intracellular proteins and conditioned medium, and quantified markers and soluble factors, including Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and others. Analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and linear regression.ResultsWe found that hNPCs-OE of MDD and BPD decreased Sox2 and laminin receptor-67 kDa levels. MASH-1 decreased in BPD, while tubulin beta-III decreased in MDD compared to controls and BPD. Also, we found significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and thrombospondin-1 levels between controls and MDD, or BPD, but not between MDD and BPD.ConclusionsAltered protein markers are evident in the nhNPCs-OE in MDD and BPD patients. These cells also secrete higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines than HC cells. The results suggest the potential utility of hNPCs-OE as an in vitro model for researching biological protein markers in psychiatric disorders. However, more extensive validation studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and specificity in neuropsychiatric disorders

Ciudad y ciudadanía. Hacía una resignificación desde el contexto mexicano

El capitalismo global atraviesa diferentes aristas de vida social, trastocando la configuración de universos simbólicos, actores, dinámicas, espacios y prácticas sociales, tales re-configuraciones tienden a asumir formas diversas y complejas ancladas a realidades concretas, aunque estrechamente vinculadas a los procesos globales contemporáneos. en caso de los países latinoamericanos, los procesos generados a raíz del capitalismo y la globalización han hecho de las ciudades escenarios complejos, caracterizados por la fragmentación social, la urbanización periférica, la degradación espacio-ambiental y la precarización de las condiciones de vida, lo que se vincula al déficit cuantitativo y cualitativo en vivienda y transporte, salud y educación. La intensidad y magnitud que tales problemáticas asumen en el caso mexicano hacen de él un referente obligado de estudio

Clinical and electrophysiological effect of right and left repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with major depressive disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that represents one of the main public health problems worldwide. It has been projected that for 2020 it will be the second cause of disability-adjusted life years just below ischemic heart disease. Quantitative electroencephalogram provides the opportunity to study cortical oscillatory activity across the different frequency bands. It constitutes an accessible tool to explore the clinical and neurophysiologic correlates underlying psychiatric disorders as well as the effect of diverse therapeutic options and the performance through cognitive tasks. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a technique that allows the stimulation of the cerebral cortex noninvasively, relatively painlessly and with fairly few side effects. The vast majority of rTMS studies target left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) based on imaging studies showing that left prefrontal cortex dysfunction is pathophysiologically linked to depression. However, there is some evidence implicating right PFC in the pathophysiology of depression. Comparison of antidepressant efficacy of diverse stimulation frequencies is relevant since a main concern around rTMS is its potential to induce seizures; hence we consider that frequency of stimulation is an important aspect to be studied. For this study we aimed to elucidate the clinical efficacy of rTMS comparing two groups of depressed patients stimulated over DLPFC, one over the left (at 5 Hz) and other over the right (at 1 Hz). We also meant to know if there were clinical and electroencephalographic differential long-term after-effects between those groups of treatment. We included twenty right-handed patients with a DSM-IVR diagnosis of MDD. They were assigned into two groups of treatment. Group 1 received 5Hz rTMS over the left DLPFC. Group 2 received 1Hz rTMS over the right DLPFC. We obtained two EEG measurements in order to analyze Z score of broad-band spectral parameters and cross-spectral. No statistical differences among groups were found in response to treatment after weekly comparisons of clinimetric scores and significant differences between baseline and final assessment by HDRS, MADRS, BDI and HARS. The major rTMS effect on EEG was observed in the group that received 1 Hz over the right DLPFC and no significant effects were observed for the group that received 5 Hz over the left DLPFC. Our results propose that administration of 15 sessions on either left (5 Hz) or right (1 Hz) rTMS over DLPFC is sufficient to reach response to treatment, assessed by HDRS, MADRS, BDI and HARS in subjects with MDD. Moreover, in both cases rTMS was able to induce an equivalent antidepressant effect. The major effect of rTMS on EEG was observed in the right 1 Hz rTMS group where changes were elicited mainly over frontal, central and temporal regions on alpha and particularly beta frequency bands. In a lesser extent for left 5 Hz rTMS group the main effect was observed on anterior regions for beta and particularly alpha frequency bands. We believe it is pertinent to continue exploring the therapeutic potential of lower stimulation frequencies, for what further research including larger samples is still necessary to confirm these trends

Ciudad y ciudadanía: Hacia una resignificación desde el contexto mexicano

El capitalismo global atraviesa diferentes aristas de la vida social, trastocando la configuración de universos simbólicos, actores, dinámicas, espacios y prácticas sociales; tales reconfiguraciones tienden a asumir formas diversas y complejas ancladas a realidades concretas, aunque estrechamente vinculadas a los procesos globales contemporáneos.El presente trabajo construye el concepto de ciudadano y ciudadanía, partiendo de sus antecedentes históricos y de los principios y conceptos de las declaraciones liberales de fines del siglo xviii y del siglo xx. Asimismo, contribuye a la reflexión sobre el Estado democrático de derecho, realizando apuntamientos sobre su concepto y caracterización desde una perspectiva sociojurídica, para retomar al ciudadano y a la ciudadanía con el objetivo de identificar la forma y modos en los que se determinan y particularizan los derechos y obligaciones que se le imputan al ciudadano como parte integrante del Estado, así como para identificar y revisar los derechos fundamentales con los que el Estado caracteriza, diseña y particulariza su perfeccionamiento individual y su desarrollo colectivo

Áreas neurofuncionales relacionadas con la apetencia a los alimentos en la Anorexia Nervosa

In Anorexia Nervosa the observable phenomenon is the suppression of appetite. Little is known about the biological and psychological (top-down) bases that maintain this pathological state. However, Anorexia Nervosa is a biological, psychological and social model where the main behavioral characteristic is the inhibition of eating behavior; not by bottom-up but top-down regulation. Objective: To explore the areas of the brain associated with food appetency through functional magnetic resonance in women with anorexia nervosa. Methods: The subjects include 5 female with Restrictive type of Anorexia Nervosa and five controls female with similar in age and low weigh. The subjects were within the MRI scanner and while took fMRI they saw food images that would generate appetite. The subjects were in fasting state and mentally prepare by instruction “imagine you are eating the food presented in the following images”. Results: Compared differences in the activation between subjects four regions were found significant: the anterior cingulate, left front medial region and the left and right midbrain. Conclusions: The patients with Anorexia Nervosa present different activated cerebral areas to those of the controls during the visual exposition to food in hungry state and with evoke cognitions associated with eat food; those regions may be implicated in reward and self-control.En la Anorexia Nervosa se observa un fenómeno que es la supresión del apetito. Poco se conoce sobre los factores biológicos y psicológicos (top-down) que mantienen este estado patológico. De cualquier modo la Anorexia Nervosa es un modelo biológico, psicológico y social de donde la principal característica conductual es la inhibición de la conducta alimentaria. Objetivo: Explorar las áreas cerebrales asociadas a la apetencia de los alimentos mediante la Resonancia Magnética Funcional en mujeres con Anorexia Nervosa. Métodos: Los sujetos fueron cinco mujeres con Anorexia Nervosa Restrictiva y cinco mujeres controles de similar edad y de bajo peso. Los sujetos fueron introducidos al resonador magnético mientras observan imágenes evocadoras de apetencia, en estado de ayuno y bajo la instrucción de imaginar que estaban comiendo lo que se les presentaba. Resultados: Al comparar las diferencias en las áreas de activación entre los sujetos cuatro regiones difirieron significativamente el cingulo anterior, la región frontal medial izquierda y derecha e izquierda del mesencéfalo Conclusiones: Las pacientes con anorexia nervosa presentaron áreas de actividad cerebral diferentes que los controles durante la exposición visual de comida en estado de hambre y con la evocación de pensamientos con el comer; estas regiones pudiesen estar implicadas con el reforzamiento y el auto-control

The Mexican magnetic resonance imaging dataset of patients with cocaine use disorder: SUDMEX CONN

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a substance use disorder (SUD) characterized by compulsion to seek, use and abuse of cocaine, with severe health and economic consequences for the patients, their families and society. Due to the lack of successful treatments and high relapse rate, more research is needed to understand this and other SUD. Here, we present the SUDMEX CONN dataset, a Mexican open dataset of 74 CUD patients (9 female) and matched 64 healthy controls (6 female) that includes demographic, cognitive, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. MRI data includes: 1) structural (T1-weighted), 2) multishell high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted (DWI-HARDI) and 3) functional (resting state fMRI) sequences. The repository contains unprocessed MRI data available in brain imaging data structure (BIDS) format with corresponding metadata available at the OpenNeuro data sharing platform. Researchers can pursue brain variability between these groups or use a single group for a larger population sample

Responsabilidad social universitaria

En un mundo globalizado, caracterizado por la incertidumbre, el individualismo y la competencia mercantil abierto, toda institución tiende a evaluase en función de los "productos" que ofrece el mercado y del costo-beneficio que su desarrollo conlleva. Lo anterior ha originado una serie de cuestionamientos hacia las instituciones universitarias con respecto a las funciones que históricamente les han sido asignadas y aquellas que han venido desempeñando en las últimas décadas. sin embargo las dudas y cuestionamientos, han girado principalmente en torno a los retos y transmutaciones que las universidades deben introducir en su actuar, para lograr adecuarse y sobrevivir a un mundo de cambio prácticamente instantáneo

El reto de la construcción de ciudadanía

En un mundo globalizado, caracterizado por la incertidumbre, el individualismo y la competencia mercantil abierto, toda institución tiende a evaluase en función de los "productos" que ofrece el mercado y del costo-beneficio que su desarrollo conlleva. Lo anterior ha originado una serie de cuestionamientos hacia las instituciones universitarias con respecto a las funciones que históricamente les han sido asignadas y aquellas que han venido desempeñando en las últimas décadas. sin embargo las dudas y cuestionamientos, han girado principalmente en torno a los retos y transmutaciones que las universidades deben introducir en su actuar, para lograr adecuarse y sobrevivir a un mundo de cambio prácticamente instantáneo