Effects of MTX on body weight changes (A), bowel and mucosal weight (B) and mucosal DNA and protein (C).

<p>Values are mean ± SEM. CONTR- control, MTX-methotrexate. * P<0.05 MTX-2 and MTX-4 vs CONTR rats, † P<0.05 MTX-4 vs MTX-2 rats.</p

Effect of MTX on Wnt/β-catenin related genes (β-catenin, FRZ-2, Wnt 3A Wnt 5A, c-myc and Cyclin D1 mRNA) expression in gut mucosa following methotrexate induced intestinal damage.

<p>Values are mean ± SEM. CONTR- control, MTX-methotrexate. * P<0.05 MTX-2 and MTX-4 vs CONTR rats, † P<0.05 MTX-4 vs MTX-2 rats.</p

Grade of intestinal mucosal injury and microscopic intestinal appearance after administration of MTX.

<p>Values are mean ± SEM. CONTR- control, MTX-methotrexate. * P<0.05 MTX-2 and MTX-4 vs CONTR rats, † P<0.05 MTX-4 vs MTX-2 rats.</p

Effects of MTX on crypt cell proliferation (A) and apoptosis (B).

<p>The number of labeled cells in 10 well-oriented, longitudinal crypts per section from each rat was determined using light microscopy (B). The apoptotic index is expressed as the percentage of apoptotic cells per 10 villi. Values are mean ± SEM. CONTR- control, MTX-methotrexate. * P<0.05 MTX-2 and MTX-4 vs CONTR rats, † P<0.05 MTX-4 vs MTX-2 rats.</p

The effect of MTX on Caco-2 cells proliferation and apoptosis.

<p>Two color FACS systems analysis using anti-BrdU and propidium iodide (PI) to determine cell proliferation. FITC Annexin V assay for identifying cells that are undergoing apoptosis. MTX-methotrexate., EA-early apoptosis, LA-late apoptosis, VC-viable cells, DC-dead cells, PI- propidium iodide. Values are mean ± SEM. * P<0.05 MTX-early vs non-treated Caco-2 cells, †P<0.05 MTX-late vs MTX- early.</p

Effect of methotrexate on Wnt/β-catenin related genes in Caco-2 cell line.

<p>Effect of methotrexate on Wnt/β-catenin related genes in Caco-2 cell line.</p

Changes in intestinal mucosal β-catenin, Akt 1/2/3, GSK3 protein levels following methotrexate induced intestinal damage.

<p>Values are mean ± SEM. CONTR- control, MTX-methotrexate. * P<0.05 MTX-2 and MTX-4 vs CONTR rats, † P<0.05 MTX-4 vs MTX-2 rats.</p