Synthesis, molecular modeling and preliminary biological evaluation of a set of 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole as potential antibacterial, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and antifungal agents

AbstractA series of 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives was synthesized and their activity screened in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Candida albicans. The bioactivity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus strains, and as fifty-percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of parasite population growth for T. cruzi. A molecular modeling approach was performed to establish qualitative relationships regarding the biological data and the compounds’ physicochemical properties. The 5-(4-OC4H9Ph, 5l), and 5-(4-CO2CH3Ph, 5o) derivatives were the most active compounds for S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC=1.95–1.25μg/mL) and T. cruzi (IC50=7.91μM), respectively. Also, a preliminary evaluation against C. albicans involving some compounds was performed and the 5-(4-CH3Ph, 5e) derivative was the most active compound (MIC=3.28–2.95μg/mL). In this preliminary study, all synthesized 3-acetyl-2,5-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were active against all microorganisms tested

Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of the combination of a pyridinyl carboxamide derivative and oxaliplatin on NCI-H1299 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells.

Even with all improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, lung cancer remains as the most lethal and prevalent cancer in the world. Therefore, new therapeutic drugs and new strategies of drug combination are necessary to provide treatments that are more efficient. Currently, standard therapy regimen for lung cancer includes platinum drugs, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin. Besides of the better toxicity profile of oxaliplatin when compared with cisplatin, peripheral neuropathy remains as a limitation of oxaliplatin dose. This study presents LabMol-12, a new pyridinyl carboxamide derivative with antileishmanial and antichagasic activity, as a new hit for lung cancer treatment, which induces apoptosis dependent of caspases in NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells both in monolayer and 3D culture. Moreover, LabMol-12 allows a reduction of oxaliplatin dose when they are combined, thereby, it is a relevant strategy for reducing the side effects of oxaliplatin with the same response. Molecular modeling studies corroborated the biological findings and suggested that the combined therapy can provide a better therapeutically profile effects against NSCLC. All these findings support the fact that the combination of oxaliplatin and LabMol-12 is a promising drug combination for lung cancer

Preliminary in vitro evaluation of N '-(benzofuroxan-5-yl)methylene benzohydrazide derivatives as potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents

A set of benzofuroxan derivatives was tested in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. The influence of physicochemical properties on these benzofuroxan derivatives' activity was observed, and the presence of electron-withdrawing and hydrophobic groups attached to the benzene ring seems to make a favorable contribution at lower concentrations.CNPqCNPqCAPESCAPESFAPESPFAPES

Deep computational phenotyping of genomic variants impacting the SET domain of KMT2C reveal molecular mechanisms for their dysfunction

Introduction: Kleefstra Syndrome type 2 (KLEFS-2) is a genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, infantile hypotonia, severe expressive language delay, and characteristic facial appearance, with a spectrum of other distinct clinical manifestations. Pathogenic mutations in the epigenetic modifier type 2 lysine methyltransferase KMT2C have been identified to be causative in KLEFS-2 individuals.Methods: This work reports a translational genomic study that applies a multidimensional computational approach for deep variant phenotyping, combining conventional genomic analyses, advanced protein bioinformatics, computational biophysics, biochemistry, and biostatistics-based modeling. We use standard variant annotation, paralog annotation analyses, molecular mechanics, and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate damaging scores and provide potential mechanisms underlying KMT2C variant dysfunction.Results: We integrated data derived from the structure and dynamics of KMT2C to classify variants into SV (Structural Variant), DV (Dynamic Variant), SDV (Structural and Dynamic Variant), and VUS (Variant of Uncertain Significance). When compared with controls, these variants show values reflecting alterations in molecular fitness in both structure and dynamics.Discussion: We demonstrate that our 3D models for KMT2C variants suggest distinct mechanisms that lead to their imbalance and are not predictable from sequence alone. Thus, the missense variants studied here cause destabilizing effects on KMT2C function by different biophysical and biochemical mechanisms which we adeptly describe. This new knowledge extends our understanding of how variations in the KMT2C gene cause the dysfunction of its methyltransferase enzyme product, thereby bearing significant biomedical relevance for carriers of KLEFS2-associated genomic mutations

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of 5-methylsulphonyl-2-tiophylidenics derivatives and 5(6)-benzofuroxanics derivatives against standard and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains

A emergência de resistência microbiana é um desafio para microbiologistas, médicos, órgãos de saúde pública e para a indústria farmacêutica. Passado três décadas, patógenos gram-positivos, principalmente Staphylococcus aureus, têm desenvolvido cada vez mais resistência a vários antibióticos devido ao uso extensivo nos hospitais e na comunidade. Este desenvolvimento aconteceu em um período em que poucas novas classes de antibióticos tenham sido identificadas, ressaltando a necessidade urgente de novos agentes antimicrobianos. A modificação molecular tem se mostrado como estratégia bastante promissora no planejamento e desenvolvimento de análogos com melhor biodisponibilidade, maior atividade intrínseca e menor toxicidade. Desta forma, foi planejada, neste trabalho, a síntese de série de derivados 5-metilsulfonil-2-tiofilidênicos e derivados 5(6)-benzofuroxânicos, análogos à nifuroxazida, buscando atividade bacteriostática e/ou bactericida frente a cepas resistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. A seleção dos grupos substituintes foi fundamentada na influência de suas propriedades físicoquímicas, como hidrofobicidade e efeito eletrônico. Para avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, este trabalho usou o método de determinação da concentração inibitória mínima, CIM, frente à Staphylococcus aureus, cepas ATCC25923, 3SP/R33 e VISA3. Os derivados 5-metilsulfonil-2-tiofilidênicos não apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana, enquanto que todos os derivados 5(6)-benzofuroxânicos foram ativos frente a cepa padrão ATCC25923. O composto mais ativo foi a 5(6)-benzofuroxano-4-nitrobenzidrazida (CIM= 16,80 µg/mL) e o menos ativo foi a 5(6)-benzofuroxano benzidrazida (CIM = 36,00 µg/mL). Ficou evidenciado que a atividade antimicrobiana destes compostos sofre forte influência da hidrofobicidade e do efeito eletrônico dos grupos substituintes. Os compostos 5(6)-benzofuroxano-4-nitrobenzidrazida e 5(6)-benzofuroxano-4-clorobenzidrazida foram testados frente às cepas com caráter de multi-resistência, 3SP/R33 e VISA3, e ambos mostraram atividade antimicrobiana similar quando comparados com a cepa padrão. Ressalta-se que foram sintetizados e identificados neste trabalho onze compostos que apresentam estruturas químicas inéditas.Emergent antimicrobial resistance is a challenge for microbiologists, physicians, public health organizations, and pharmaceutical industry. Over the past three decades Gram-positive pathogens, most notably Staphylococcus aureus, have become increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics due to their extensive hospital and community use. This has come at time when very few new antibiotic classes have been identified, and emphasizes the urge for new antibacterial agents. Molecular modification has been used as a quite promising strategy in the design and development of drug analogs with better bioavailability, higher intrinsic activity, and lesser toxicity. Thus, for this work a series of 5-methylsulfonyl-2-thiophylidene and 5(6)-benzofuroxans derivatives were synthetized and tested for antibacterial activity against resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The selection of the substituent groups was based on the influence of physical-chemical properties, such as hydrophobicity and eletronic effects. Antibacterial activity was evaluated through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, against Staphylococcus aureus strains ATCC25923, 3SP/R33 and VISA3. 5-methylsulfonyl-2-thiophylidene derivatives did not show antibacterial activity, while all 5(6)-benzofuroxans derivatives were active against the standard strain ATCC25923. 4-nitro-benzoic acid[((5(6)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole N1-oxide)-2- yl)-methylene]-hydrazyde (MIC=16,80 µg/mL) was the most active compound, and the least active was benzoic acid[((5(6)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole N1-oxide)- 2-yl)-methylene]-hydrazyde (MIC = 36,00 µg/mL). It was evidenced that the antimicrobial activity of these compounds is influenced by the hydrofobicity and electronic effects of substituent groups. Compounds 4-nitro-benzoic acid[((5(6)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole N1-oxide)-2-yl)-methylene]-hydrazyde and 4-Chloro-benzoic acid[((5(6)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole N1-oxide)-2-yl)-methyl- ene]-hydrazyde were evaluated against the resistant strains 3SP/R33 and VISA3, and both showed similar antimicrobial activity when compared to the standard strain. It must be pointed out that eleven previously unknown compounds were synthetized and tested in this work

Design, development and QSAR studies of benzofuroxan derivatives with activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Trypanosoma cruzi

A modificação molecular de fármacos do arsenal terapêutico é estratégia promissora no planejamento e desenvolvimento de novas entidades químicas que possam apresentar características pertinentes deste fármaco, e suprimir suas características indesejáveis. Desta forma, na busca por novos compostos com atividade antimicrobiana, uma série de vinte [N\'-(benzofuroxan-5-il)metileno]benzidrazidas substituídas, análogas funcionais da nifuroxazida (Passifuril®), foram sintetizadas e sua atividade biológica foi testada frente a cepas padrão e multirresistentes (MRSA e VISA) de Staphylococcus aureus, e frente a formas epimatigotas de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal da Doença de Chagas. A escolha dos grupos substituintes foi baseada em suas propriedades físico-químicas, tais como efeito eletrônico e hidrofobicidade, empregando o Diagrama de Craig. Os compostos foram obtidos por rota sintética descrita em literatura, assim como por rotas alternativas a fim de otimizar a metodologia tradicional e melhorar o rendimento dos produtos finais. Todos os compostos foram identificados e apresentam estrutura química inédita. A atividade dos vinte compostos frente S. aureus foi avaliada pelo método de determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM); destes, dezesseis apresentaram os mesmos intervalos de CIM frente as cepas padrão e multirresistentes. O composto dissubstituído 3-CF3,4-NO2 (7t), apresentou a maior atividade com valores de CIM entre 12,7 - 11,4 µg/mL. A avaliação da atividade anti-T. cruzi também foi investigada, e na fase log de crescimento parasitário os compostos substituídos 4-H (7a), 4-CF3 (7n), 3,4-Cl2 (7s), 3-CF3,4-NO2 (7t) demonstraram os melhores resultados. O benznidazol, único fármaco utilizado no tratamento da Doença de Chagas, foi utilizado como referência nas mesmas concentrações. Os compostos que apresentaram melhores atividades nos ensaios realizados na fase estacionária de crescimento foram os compostos substituídos 4-I (7q) e 4-Br (7o) com valores de %IC50 de 6,11 µM e 7,38 µM, respectivamente. A influência das propriedades físico-químicas dos grupos substituintes em ambas as atividades foi observada e, a fim de avaliar quantitativamente suas contribuições para a bioatividade, estudos de QSAR-2D e QSAR-3D foram desenvolvidos, auxiliando assim na predição de novas estruturas com propriedades farmacológicas otimizadas, uma vez que os resultados obtidos indicam o forte potencial destes compostos na identificação de novos candidatos a fármaco antimicrobiano.Molecular modification of drugs from the therapeutic arsenal is a promising strategy for the design and development of new chemical entities that can demonstrate the relevant properties of this drug, and suppressing its undesirable properties. For the research of new leads with potential antimicrobial activity, a new series of twenty substituted [N´-(benzofuroxan-5-yl)methylene]benzohydrazides, nifuroxazide\'s (Passifuril®) functional analogs, was synthesized and tested against standard and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VISA) strains and against epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas\' Disease. The selection of the substituent groups was based on their physicochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity and electronic effects, employing Craig\'s diagram. The designed compounds were obtained by synthetic route described in the literature, as well as by an alternative route, in order to optimize the traditional methodology and also to improve the final compounds yields. All compounds were identified as unpublished chemical structures. Bacterial activity of the twenty compounds against S. aureus was performed by minimal inhibitory concentration method (MIC), and sixteen of them exhibited similar bacteriostatic activity against standard and multidrug-resistant strains. The most active compound was the 3-CF3,4-NO2 disubstituted derivative (7t), which presented a MIC value from 12.7 to 11.4 µg/mL. Anti-T. cruzi activity was also investigated. The substituted compounds 4-H (7a), 4-CF3 (7n), 3,4-Cl2 (7s), 3-CF3,4-NO2 (7t) showed better results at logarithmic growth phase. Benznidazole, that is the only drug available to threat Chagas\' disease, was used as a reference drug at the same concentrations of the compounds studied. The most effective substituded compounds were the 4-I (7q) and 4-Br (7o) substituted derivatives having %IC50 values of 6.11 µM and 7.38 µM, respectively, at stationary growth phase. The influence of the substituent\'s physicochemical properties on in vitro activities was observed, and, in order to establish quantitatively their contributions to bioactivity, 2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR studies were developed, assisting in the prediction of new leads with improved pharmacological properties, since the results showed benzofuroxan derivatives as potential leads for identifying new drug candidates