Reliability and validity of self-reported burnout in college students: A cross randomized comparison of paper-and-pencil vs. online administration

Internet data collection is becoming increasingly popular in all research fields dealing with human perceptions, behaviors and opinions. Advantages of internet data collection, when compared to the traditional paper-and-pencil format, include reduced costs, automatic database creation, and the absence of researcher-related bias effects, such as availability and complete anonymity. However, the validity and reliability of internet gathered data must be established, in comparison to the usual paper-and-pencil accepted formats, before an inferential analysis can be done. In this study, we compared questionnaire data gathered from the internet with that from the traditional paper-and-pencil in a sample of college students. The questionnaires used were the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS), the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI-SS) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-SS). Data was gathered through a within-subject cross randomized and counterbalanced design, on both internet and paper-and-pencil formats. The results showed no interference in the application order, and a good reliability for both formats. However, concordance between answers was generally higher in the paperand- pencil format than on the internet. The factorial structure was invariant in the three burnout inventories. Data gathered in this study supports the Internet as a convenient, user-friendly, comfortable and secure data gathering method which does not affect the accepted factorial structures existent in the paper format of the three burnout inventories used

Avaliação da obesidade na prevalência e gravidade das disfunções temporomandibulares

Objectives: Obesity is a chronic and prevalent disorder, comorbid with painful conditions such as musculoskeletal disease. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a high prevalent musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and the presence and degree of painful TMD. Methods: The sample was stratified according to the presence of painful TMD following the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders- Axis I and II (RDC/TMD) criteria. The body composition was assessed through Body Mass Index (BMI) and bioimpedance (BIA) analysis. The primary headaches (PH) were classified according to the International Classification for Headache Disorders II (ICHD-II). Uni and multivariate analysis assessed the association between painful TMD and obesity. Results: The sample consisted of 245 individuals (35.89 ± 12.61 years), 183 (74.70%) of them were women. Of the total, 130 (53.25%) presented painful TMD. In contrast with normal weighted individuals, those presenting overweight/obesity according to BIA were more likely to present painful TMD (PR= 1.44, 95%CI= 1.09 to 1.91). Association persisted in multivariate analysis correcting for gender and presence of chronic daily headache (CDH) (OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.16 to 3.54). There was no significant association between the grade of the TMD pain and body composition assessed through BMI (p= 0.06) or BIA (p= 0.08). Conclusion: Obesity is associated with the presence of painful TMD, but not with the grade of TMD pain, after adjustment for the CDH and gender.Objetivo: A obesidade é uma doença crônica, prevalente e comórbida com condições dolorosas como as musculoesqueléticas. A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) é uma dor musculoesquelética altamente prevalente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação entre obesidade com a presença e gravidade de DTM dolorosa. Métodos: A amostra foi estratificada de acordo com a presença e grau de DTM dolorosa de acordo com o Research Diagnostic Criteria para Temporomandibular Disorders-Eixo I e II (RDC/TMD). A composição corporal foi determinada pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e pelo exame de bioimpedância (BIA). As cefaleias primárias (CP) foram classificadas segundo critérios da Classificação Internacional de Cefaléia II (CIC-II). Análises uni e multivariadas avaliaram associação entre DTM dolorosa e obesidade. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 245 indivíduos (35,89 ± 12,61 anos), sendo 183 (74,7%) mulheres. Do total, 130 (53,25%) apresentaram DTM dolorosa. Houve associação significativa entre a presença de DTM dolorosa e sobrepeso/obesidade avaliada por BIA (RP = 1,44, IC 95% = 1,09-1,91). Associação se manteve em análise multivariada corrigido por gênero e presença de cefaleias crônicas diárias (CCD) (OR= 2,02, IC95%: 1,16-3,54). Não houve associação significativa entre a gravidade de DTM e a composição corporal segundo IMC (p= 0,06) ou BIA (p= 0,08). Conclusão: Obesidade está associada a presença de DTM dolorosa, mas não com a gravidade, após o ajuste para CCD e gênero.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Influência de abordagens biopsicossociais e autocuidados no controle das disfunções temporomandibulares crônicas

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), which is a musculoskeletal condition of the masticatory system, may become chronic and further worsen quality of life (QL) of patients. Due to the inter-relationship between physical and emotional symptoms, there is an increasing search for the integrative model, which includes psychosocial approaches for the treatment of painful conditions. This study aimed at reviewing in the literature the impact of education and simple self-care modalities on pain and disorders related to chronic painful TMD. CONTENTS: Psychosocial factors are often involved with pain chronicity, making bio-behavioral approaches increasingly more indicated to change pain perception and to decrease distress and psychosocial changes which go along with persistent pain. CONCLUSION: Current literature, although not extensive, indicates positive results of education and self-care methods for chronic painful TMD. Further studies are needed to reinforce such findings and spread the application of such approaches to control chronic and TMD pain.JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), condição musculoesquelética do sistema mastigatório, pode se tornar crônica, causando maior comprometimento na qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes. Devido à inter-relação entre sintomas físicos e emocionais, há uma crescente busca pelo modelo integrativo, o qual inclui abordagens psicossociais para o tratamento de condições dolorosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o impacto da educação e modalidades simples de autocuidados podem ter na dor e na disfunção relacionadas à DTM dolorosa crônica. CONTEÚDO: Os fatores psicossociais estão frequentemente envolvidos na cronificação da dor, tornando as abordagens biocomportamentais cada vez mais indicadas para mudar a percepção da dor, reduzir o sofrimento e as alterações psicossociais que acompanham as dores persistentes. CONCLUSÃO: A literatura existente, apesar de não ser vasta, indica resultados positivos da aplicação de métodos de educação e autocuidados em DTM dolorosa crônica. Mais estudos são necessários para reforçar tais achados e disseminar a aplicação de tais abordagens no controle da dor crônica e da DTM

Systemic diseases and other painful conditions in patients with temporomandibular disorders and migraine

Abstract Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a highly prevalent, painful musculoskeletal condition affecting the masticatory system, and are frequently associated with migraines (M) and other diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between painful TMD and M with other painful conditions and systemic diseases, such as cervicalgia, body pain (BP), ear-nose-throat disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes, cardiopulmonary diseases and gastritis/peptic ulcer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 352 individuals. Participants were stratified into three groups according to the presence of painful TMD and M: controls [individuals free of TMD and any headache (HA)]; TMD only (presence of painful TMD, but free of any HA); and TMD+M (presence of painful TMD and M). TMD was classified according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) - Axis I. Nonspecific physical symptoms (NSPS) were assessed by RDC/TMD - Axis II. The International Classification of Headache Disorders - II criteria, second edition, were applied to identify and classify primary HA. Other painful conditions and systemic diseases were assessed by volunteers’ self-report. The prevalence of all assessed conditions was higher in the TMD+M group. Multiple regression models showed that cervicalgia was associated with the TMD only group (p<0.05), whereas gender (p<0.05), cervicalgia (p<0.05), BP (p<0.05) and NSPS (p<0.05) were significantly associated with the TMD+M group. Our results suggest that individuals with a comorbidity (TMD associated with M) have a more severe condition than those presenting only painful TMD

Burnout in dental students: effectiveness of different methods

OBJECTIVE: This study was proposed to estimate the effectiveness of different screening methods of the Burnout Syndrome among dental students. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Burnout Syndrome assessment was performed using the Oldenburg Inventory-Student survey (OLBI-SS) and the Copenhagen Inventory-Student survey (CBI‑SS). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student survey (MBI-SS) was used as the gold standard. The psychometric properties of the instruments were measured. The second-order hierarchical model was estimated to calculate the overall scores for OLBI-SS and CBI-SS, and ROC curves were constructed and the areas were estimated (AUROC). RESULT: A total of 235 undergraduate students participated in this study. The instruments showed an adequate reliability and validity; however three questions had to be removed from OLBI-SS and one from CBI-SS. The Exhaustion dimension of OLBI-SS, and Personal Burnout and Study related Burnout of CBI-SS presented a good discriminating capacity. CONCLUSION: CBI-SS showed higher discriminating capacity, than OLBI-SS, to identify the Burnout Syndrome (DAUROC=.172 [.103-.240]; p<.05).OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo estimar a efetividade de diferentes métodos de rastreamento da Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Odontologia. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Utilizou-se o Inventário de Oldenburg (OLBI‑SS) e o Inventário de Copenhagen (CBI-SS). Como padrão-ouro utilizou-se o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI-SS). As qualidades psicométricas dos instrumentos foram estimadas. O modelo hierárquico de segunda ordem foi estimado para cálculo do escore global do OLBI-SS e do CBI-SS. As curvas ROC foram construídas e as áreas estimadas (AUROC). RESULTADO: Participaram 235 estudantes de um curso de graduação. Os instrumentos apresentaram adequada confiabilidade e validade e para tanto, foi necessário remover três questões do OLBI-SS e uma do CBI-SS. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se boa capacidade discriminante das dimensões Exaustão do OLBI-SS e BP e BRE do CBI-SS. O CBI-SS apresentou capacidade discriminante superior à do OLBI-SS na identificação da Síndrome de Burnout (DAUROC=.172 [.103-.240]; p<.05).Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Temporomandibular disorder, body pain and systemic diseases: assessing their associations in adolescents

Painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children and adolescents may impact negatively the individual´´´&nbsp; s life. The presence of comorbidities associated with TMD tends to increase the persistence of pain and to facilitate its chronification. Objective: To investigate the presence of other painful conditions and systemic diseases and their association with painful TMD. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 690 adolescents aged between 12-14 years old were evaluated through questionnaires and clinical examinations. Results: Painful TMD was found in 16.2% of the sample, with a significant association with bronchitis (OR=2.5; p=0.003) and asthma (OR=3.1; p=0.013), reported by the parents/legal guardians of the participants. Adolescents with regional and widespread pain were 2.7 (95% CI: 1.65-4.55) and 3.6 (95% CI: 1.29-10.14) more likely to also present painful TMD. Painful TMD was associated with a higher number of body pain sites in the last 12 months (4.26 vs. 2.90; p&lt;0.001), as well as a higher number of systemic diseases (1.48 vs. 1.18; p=0.048), when compared to adolescents without painful TMD. Conclusion: The findings of this study point out the importance of considering the presence of comorbid conditions in the diagnosis and management of painful TMD in adolescents. A multidisciplinary approach would contribute to better control of painful TMD and decrease its chronification risk

Aspects of university life and burnout syndrome

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in dental students, from a public university, and compare the mean scores obtained in each dimension of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI-S), according to the sociodemographic variables of interest. A total of 235 students participated in the study. Methods: The psychometric characteristics of OLBI-S were estimated. The comparison of Exhaustion and Disengagement mean scores was performed, using the Student’s t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: A total of 72.8% of the participants were women and the mean age was 21.0 ± 1.8 years. After the removal of three items, OLBI showed adequate factorial validity and reliability. Of the surveyed students, 61.7% had Burnout Syndrome, 22.1% Exhaustion and 4.7% Disengagement. A higher Disengagement mean score was observed for students who did not chose the Dentistry course as their first choice, and who consider teachers to be incompetent/reasonable. Those whose initial expectations were frustrated, with poor course performance, who already used medication due to their study load, and who thought about quitting the course, had higher mean scores of both Exhaustion and Disengagement. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of Burnout Syndrome, with a significant relation to sociodemographic variables.Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Odontologia de uma universidade pública e comparar os scores médios obtidos em cada dimensão do Inventário de Burnout de Oldenburg (OLBI-S) segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas de interesse. Participaram 235 estudantes. Métodos: As características psicométricas do OLBI-S foram estimadas. A comparação dos scores médios de Exaustão e Distanciamento foi realizada pelo teste t de Student e Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Resultados: Dos participantes 72,8% eram mulheres e a média de idade foi de 21,0±1,8 anos. Após a remoção de três itens, o OLBI-S apresentou adequada validade fatorial e confiabilidade. Dos estudantes, 61,7% apresentaram a Síndrome de Burnout, 22,1% Exaustão e 4,7% Distanciamento. Observou-se maior score médio de Distanciamento nos estudantes que não escolheram o curso de Odontologia como primeira opção e que consideraram os professores incompetentes/razoáveis. Aqueles cujas expectativas iniciais foram frustradas, com desempenho ruim no curso, que já consumiram medicação devido aos estudos e que já pensaram em desistir do curso apresentaram maiores scores médios tanto de Exaustão quanto de Distanciamento. Conclusão: A prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout é alta com relação significativa com variáveis sociodemográficas

Burnout in dental students: effectiveness of different methods

OBJECTIVE: This study was proposed to estimate the effectiveness of different screening methods of the Burnout Syndrome among dental students. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Burnout Syndrome assessment was performed using the Oldenburg Inventory-Student survey (OLBI-SS) and the Copenhagen Inventory-Student survey (CBI‑SS). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student survey (MBI-SS) was used as the gold standard. The psychometric properties of the instruments were measured. The second-order hierarchical model was estimated to calculate the overall scores for OLBI-SS and CBI-SS, and ROC curves were constructed and the areas were estimated (AUROC). RESULT: A total of 235 undergraduate students participated in this study. The instruments showed an adequate reliability and validity; however three questions had to be removed from OLBI-SS and one from CBI-SS. The Exhaustion dimension of OLBI-SS, and Personal Burnout and Study related Burnout of CBI-SS presented a good discriminating capacity. CONCLUSION: CBI-SS showed higher discriminating capacity, than OLBI-SS, to identify the Burnout Syndrome (DAUROC=.172 [.103-.240]; p<.05)

Systemic diseases and other painful conditions in patients with temporomandibular disorders and migraine

<div><p>Abstract Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a highly prevalent, painful musculoskeletal condition affecting the masticatory system, and are frequently associated with migraines (M) and other diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between painful TMD and M with other painful conditions and systemic diseases, such as cervicalgia, body pain (BP), ear-nose-throat disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes, cardiopulmonary diseases and gastritis/peptic ulcer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 352 individuals. Participants were stratified into three groups according to the presence of painful TMD and M: controls [individuals free of TMD and any headache (HA)]; TMD only (presence of painful TMD, but free of any HA); and TMD+M (presence of painful TMD and M). TMD was classified according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) - Axis I. Nonspecific physical symptoms (NSPS) were assessed by RDC/TMD - Axis II. The International Classification of Headache Disorders - II criteria, second edition, were applied to identify and classify primary HA. Other painful conditions and systemic diseases were assessed by volunteers’ self-report. The prevalence of all assessed conditions was higher in the TMD+M group. Multiple regression models showed that cervicalgia was associated with the TMD only group (p<0.05), whereas gender (p<0.05), cervicalgia (p<0.05), BP (p<0.05) and NSPS (p<0.05) were significantly associated with the TMD+M group. Our results suggest that individuals with a comorbidity (TMD associated with M) have a more severe condition than those presenting only painful TMD.</p></div