51 research outputs found
Gestational Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Adverse Maternofetal Outcomes
Background/Aims: The association between gestational estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been fully investigated. Methods: This observational cohort study included pregnancy cases of singleton mothers whose serum creatinine levels were measured during pregnancy at two tertiary hospitals in Korea from 2000 to 2015. Those with identified substantial renal function impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, during, or after pregnancy) were excluded. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation was used for the eGFR calculation. We computed the time-averaged eGFR during gestation to determine representative values when there were multiple measurements. We studied the following three gestational complications: preterm birth (< 37 weeksโ gestational age), low birth weight (< 2.5 kg), and preeclampsia. Results: Among the 12,899 studied pregnancies, 4,360 cases experienced one or more gestational complications. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval of composite gestational complications for eGFR ranges other than the reference range of 120โ150 mL/ min/1.73m2 were: โฅ150 mL/min/1.73m2, aOR 1.64 (1.38โ1.95), P< 0.001; 90โ120 mL/min/1.73m2, aOR 1.41 (1.28โ1.56), P< 0.001; and 60โ90 mL/min/1.73m2, aOR 2.56 (1.70โ3.84), P< 0.001. Incidence of preterm birth or low birth weight showed similar U-shaped association with eGFR values; otherwise, preeclampsia or small for gestational age occurred more often in mothers with a lower gestational eGFR than in those with a higher value. Conclusion: Considering the unique association between gestational eGFR and pregnancy outcomes, carefully interpreting these results may help predict obstetric complications
Effect of optimal sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period. Methods Sixty Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 333ยฑ36.4 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments, with twenty steers per treatment, and ten steers per pen with a size of 80 m2. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; treatment (TRT) 0.5, 0.5% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL; TRT 1.0, 1.0% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL. Results The results demonstrated that average daily gain and feed efficiency increased with TRT 0.5 (0.85 kg and 11.68) vs CON (0.82 kg and 11.27) or TRT 1.0 (0.78 kg and 10.74), indicating that 0.1% SSL supplementation in the feed of early fattening steers may result in a saving of 0.5% TDN. No significant differences were observed amongst all treatments (p> 0.05) for blood metabolite concentration and blood corpuscle values, which were all within the normally accepted range for healthy steers. Conclusion Our study suggests that a TDN 0.5% down spec with 0.1% SSL supplemented feed may be effective and profitable for the early fattening period of Hanwoo steers without causing adverse effects
Beta ig-h3 induces keratinocyte differentiation via modulation of involucrin and transglutaminase expression through the integrin alpha3beta1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
Beta ig-h3 is an extracellular matrix protein whose expression is highly induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Whereas beta ig-h3 is known to mediate keratinocyte adhesion and migration, its effects on keratinocyte differentiation remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that expression of both beta ig-h3 and TGF-beta1 was enhanced during keratinocyte differentiation and that expression of the former was strongly induced by that of the latter. This study also asked whether changes in beta-h3 expression would affect keratinocyte differentiation. Indeed, down-regulation of beta ig-h3 by transfection with antisense beta ig-h3 cDNA constructs effectively inhibited keratinocyte differentiation by decreasing the promoter activities and thus expression of involucrin and transglutaminase. The result was an approximately 2-fold increase in mitotic capacity of the cells. Conversely, overexpression of beta ig-h3, either by transfection with beta ig-h3 expression plasmids or by exposure to recombinant beta ig-h3, enhanced keratinocyte differentiation by inhibiting cell proliferation and concomitantly increasing involucrin and transglutaminase expression. Recombinant beta ig-h3 also promoted keratinocyte adhesion through interaction with integrin alpha3beta1. Changes in beta ig-h3 expression did not affect intracellular calcium levels. Subsequent analysis revealed not only induction of Akt phosphorylation by recombinant beta ig-h3 but also blockage of Akt phosphorylation by LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Taken together, these findings indicate that enhanced beta ig-h3, induced by enhanced TGF-beta during keratinocyte differentiation, provoked cell differentiation by enhancing involucrin and transglutaminase expression through the integrin alpha3beta1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Lastly, it was observed that beta ig-h3-mediated keratinocyte differentiation was caused by promotion of cell adhesion and not by calcium regulation.This work was supported by Korea Health 21 R&D Project Grant
02-PJ1-PG3-20507-0038, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of
Korea (to B.-M. M.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed
in part by the payment of page charges. This article must
therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18
U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact
Cloning of E6/E7 Genes of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA
To obtain the specific probe which can detect human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-specific transctipts encoding for E6 and E7 genes in cells or cell lines containing HPV-16 DNA, we cloned 0.57-kbp fragment (nucleotides 198-767) of the HPV-16 DNA into pUC18 and named pHPV-1616-E6E7R. To test the specificity of the cloned probe comparded with whole HPV-16 genome, we cultured normal human oral keratinocytes, and HOK-16B cells, human oral keratinocytes immortalized by transfection with recominant HPV-16 DNA, in koratinocyte growth medium supplemented with pituitary extract, isolated poly(A^(+))RNAs from the cells, and hybridized them with the cloned probe and whole HPV-16 genome. Northern blot analysis showed that multiple poly(A^(+))RNAs hybridized to whole HPV-16 genome were expressed from the HPV-16-immortalized HOK-16B cells, while only two transxripts with sized of 1.9-kb and 1.6-kb hybridized to HPV-16 E6/E7 gene fragment were detected from the cells. However, both probes did not detect the vtral transctipts in normal human oral keratinocytes which are anot infected with HPV-16. These data indicate that 0.57-kbp fragment representing HPV-16 E6/E7 gense can be used to detect HPV-16-specific transctipts encoding for E6 and E7 genes in cells or cell lines contraiing HPV-16 DNA.This study was supported by a grant no.01-95-116 from the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund
Effects of Dexamethasone and Epidermal Growth Factor on Activity of Viral Promoter p97 and Expression of HPV-16 E6/E7 in Human Oral Keratinocytes Transformed with HPV-16 and Benzo(a)pyrene
Primary human oral keratinocytes were previously transformed by transfection with clned human papilloavtrus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA and subsequent exposure tobenzo(a)pyrene, and an oral cancer cell line, CTHOK-16B-Bap, was established. To determine the effects of dexamethasone and epodermal growth facotr (RGF) on cell proliferation, the expression of HPV-16 E6/E7 and several proto-oncogenes, and activity of HPV-16 E6/E7 promotor, p97, the CTHOK-16B Bap cells were exposed to either dexamethasone and EGF alone or together. After incubation for 3 days, the degrees of both cell proliferation and the expression of HPV-16 E6/E7, EGF receptor (EGFR), c-myc, and c-fos fenes was determined, Dexamethasone and EGF, when added alone or together in the culture media, increased cell proliferation. Although dexamethasone did not affect the transctiptional level of HPV-16 E6/E7, EGFR, or c-myc in the cells, ot downregulated c-fos mRNA expression. On the other hand, EGF, alone or in confunction with dexzmethasone. down-regulated the transcriptional levels of HPV-16 E6/E7, c0myc, and c-fos genes, but it had little effect on the level if EGFR transctiption. These results suggest that the increaed proliferation of CTHOK-16B-BaP cells in the presence of dexamethasone and/or EGF may not depend on the extent of expression of such gense as HPV-16 E6/E7, EGFR, c-myc, and c-fos. In addition, the HPV-16 E6/E7 mRNA level was not changed and reduced by treatment with dexamethasone and EGF, respectively. Unexpectedly, however, dexamathasone and EGF enhanced the activity of the viral promoter p97 in CTHOK-16B-BaP line as analyzed by transient expression assays using the chloramphenicol ฮฑ-cetyltransferase gene as a reporter. It appears that dominant regulatiory mechanisms presumably depending on the chromosomal integration site are able to override the respomse of the viral promoter to dexamethasone and EGF, Another EGF-responsive element (7454-7643 m) which acts as an enhancer may be located within the HPV-16 LCR portion
Experimental antimicrobial orthodontic adhesives using nanofillers and silver nanoparticle
Objectives
Experimental composite adhesives (ECAs) containing silica nanofillers and silver nanoparticles were compared with two conventional adhesives (composite and resin-modified glass ionomer [RMGI]) to analyze surface characteristics, physical properties and antibacterial activities against cariogenic streptococci.
Methods
Surface roughness and surface free energy (SFE) characteristics were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the sessile drop method. Shear bond strength and bond failure interface were analyzed to compare the physical properties. Antimicrobial activities were analyzed by a bacterial adhesion assay, a disk diffusion test, and an optical density measurement of bacterial suspension containing each adhesive.
Results
ECAs had rougher surfaces than conventional adhesives due to the addition of silver nanoparticles. ECAs had more similar SFE characteristics to composite than to RMGI. Bacterial adhesion to ECAs was less than to conventional adhesives, which was not influenced by saliva coating. Bacterial suspension containing ECAs showed slower bacterial growth than those containing conventional adhesives. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength and bond failure interface between ECAs and conventional adhesives.
Significance
This study suggests that ECAs can help prevent enamel demineralization around their surfaces without compromising physical properties
Expression of Amino Acid Transporter LAT1 During Ameloblast Differentiation
Amino acid transporters play important roles in supplying nutrients to cells. In our current study, we investigated the expression of LAT1 and measured the amino acid uptake in ameloblast cultures to further elucidate the roles of this transporter during the differentiation of these cells. RT-PCR, observations of cell morphology, Alizaline red-S staining, and uptake analyses were performed following the experimental induction of differentiation in the cultures. LAT1 mRNA was detectable and found to gradually increase over time whereas LAT2 mRNA was not evident in the ameloblast cultures. Transcripts of 4F2hc, a cofactor of LAT1 and LAT2, were also found to be expressed in ameloblast cultures and increase with time. Amelogenin mRNA was expressed in the early stage ameloblast cultures. L-leucine uptake was observed to increase over 14 days of growth in culture. Our data suggest that LAT1 has a key role in the differentiation of ameloblasts and in providing these cells with neutral amino acids, including several essential amino acids.์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ 2008๋
๋ ์กฐ์ ๋ํ๊ต ๊ต๋ด์ฐ๊ตฌ๋น ์ง์์ ์ํด ์ํ๋์์
Effect of aging on expression of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human gingival fibroblasts
์น์ฃผ์งํ์ ์งํ์ด ๋์ด์ ์ํด ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ผ๋ ๋
ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์น์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ์ธํฌ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ณํ์ ๊ดํ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ง์ด ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ง ์๋ค. ๋
ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธํฌ์ ๋
ธํ๊ฐ ์น์ฃผ์งํ์ ์งํ์ ์ด๋ ํ ์ฌํฅ์ ๋ผ์น๋๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค. ์ผ์ฆ ์ํ์์ nitric oxide (NO)๋ ์กฐ์ง ํ๊ดด์ ๊ด์ฌํ๋ ์ธ์๋ก ์์ฉํ์ฌ ์น์ฃผ์งํ์ ์งํ์ ๊ด์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์น์์์ ๋ฐฐ์๋ ์น์์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ธํฌ์ ๋
ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ NO์ ์ด์ ํฉ์ฑํจ์์ธ inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)์ ๋ฐํ์ ์์๋ด์ผ๋ก์จ ์ธํฌ์ ๋
ธํ๊ฐ ์น์ฃผ์งํ์ ์งํ์ ๋ผ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ํด ์์๋ณด๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. 10์ธ์ ํ์์ 55์ธ์ ํ์์์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฑ์ทจํ ์น์์์ ๋ฐฐ์๋ ์ธํฌ์ 10์ธ์ ํ์์์ ์ฑ์ทจํ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ์์ ์ธ ๊ณ๋๋ฐฐ์์ ํตํด ์ป์ ์คํ์ค ์ ๋
ธํ๋ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ์ฌ ์ด 3 ์ข
๋ฅ์ ์น์์ฌ์ ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์คํ์ ์ด์ฉํ์๋ค. Hot phenol-water extraction์ ํตํด ์ถ์ถ๋ Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)์ ์ฌ์กฐํฉ ๋ฅผ ์ธํฌ์ ์ ์ฉ์์ผ Griess assay๋ฅผ ํตํด ์กฐ๊ฑดํ๋ ๋ฐฐ์ง์์ NO๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. 20์ธ์ 55์ธ์ ํ์์์ ์ฑ์ทจ๋ ์น์ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ด 3 ์ข
๋ฅ์ ๋ฐฐ์๋ ์ธํฌ์ NOS-II ํญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉ์์ผ iNOS ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ฐํ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ค. Total RNA๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ์ฌ RT-PCR๋ฅผ ํตํด iNOS mRNA์ ๋ฐํ์ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์น์์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ์์ NO๋ ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์๋์๊ณ , ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐํ์ ์ ์ ์ธํฌ๋ณด๋ค ๋
ธํ๋ ์ธํฌ์์ ๊ฐํ์๋ค. P, gingivalis LPS์ ์ ์กฐํฉ ๋ ์น์์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ์์ NO์ ๋ฐํ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐํ์ ์ ์ ์ธํฌ๋ณด๋ค ๋
ธํ๋ ์ธํฌ์์ ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ๋ฉด์ญ์กฐ์งํํ ์ผ์์์ iNOS ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์ ์ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ ๋
ธํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์น์ ์กฐ์ง ๋ชจ๋์์ ์น์์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ์ ์ํผ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธต ์ธํฌ์ ์ผ์ฆ์ธํฌ์์ ๋ฐํ๋์์ผ๋ ๋
ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐํ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ ์๋ ์์๋ค. ์ธํฌ์ ๋ฉด์ญ์ผ์์์ iNOS ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋
ธํ๋ ์ธํฌ์์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ฐํ๋์๊ณ ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐํ์ LPS์ ์ ์ํด ๊ฐํ๋์๋ค. LPS์ ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฃผ์ด์ง์ง ์์ ์ํ์์ iNOS mRNA๋ ์ ์ ์ธํฌ์์๋ณด๋ค ๋
ธํ๋ ์ธํฌ์์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ฐํ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ธํฌ์ ๋
ธํ๊ฐ NO์ iNOS ๋ฐํ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํด์ผ๋ก์ ์น์ฃผ์งํ์ ์งํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ผ์น ์ ์์์ ์์ฌํ์๋ค.This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D project, Ministy of Health & Welfare, Republix of Korea(03-PJ1-CH08-001)
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