69 research outputs found

    Gestational Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Adverse Maternofetal Outcomes

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    Background/Aims: The association between gestational estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been fully investigated. Methods: This observational cohort study included pregnancy cases of singleton mothers whose serum creatinine levels were measured during pregnancy at two tertiary hospitals in Korea from 2000 to 2015. Those with identified substantial renal function impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, during, or after pregnancy) were excluded. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation was used for the eGFR calculation. We computed the time-averaged eGFR during gestation to determine representative values when there were multiple measurements. We studied the following three gestational complications: preterm birth (< 37 weeksโ€™ gestational age), low birth weight (< 2.5 kg), and preeclampsia. Results: Among the 12,899 studied pregnancies, 4,360 cases experienced one or more gestational complications. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval of composite gestational complications for eGFR ranges other than the reference range of 120โ€“150 mL/ min/1.73m2 were: โ‰ฅ150 mL/min/1.73m2, aOR 1.64 (1.38โ€“1.95), P< 0.001; 90โ€“120 mL/min/1.73m2, aOR 1.41 (1.28โ€“1.56), P< 0.001; and 60โ€“90 mL/min/1.73m2, aOR 2.56 (1.70โ€“3.84), P< 0.001. Incidence of preterm birth or low birth weight showed similar U-shaped association with eGFR values; otherwise, preeclampsia or small for gestational age occurred more often in mothers with a lower gestational eGFR than in those with a higher value. Conclusion: Considering the unique association between gestational eGFR and pregnancy outcomes, carefully interpreting these results may help predict obstetric complications

    Effect of optimal sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period

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    Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period. Methods Sixty Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 333ยฑ36.4 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments, with twenty steers per treatment, and ten steers per pen with a size of 80 m2. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; treatment (TRT) 0.5, 0.5% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL; TRT 1.0, 1.0% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL. Results The results demonstrated that average daily gain and feed efficiency increased with TRT 0.5 (0.85 kg and 11.68) vs CON (0.82 kg and 11.27) or TRT 1.0 (0.78 kg and 10.74), indicating that 0.1% SSL supplementation in the feed of early fattening steers may result in a saving of 0.5% TDN. No significant differences were observed amongst all treatments (p> 0.05) for blood metabolite concentration and blood corpuscle values, which were all within the normally accepted range for healthy steers. Conclusion Our study suggests that a TDN 0.5% down spec with 0.1% SSL supplemented feed may be effective and profitable for the early fattening period of Hanwoo steers without causing adverse effects

    High-performance and scalable metal-chalcogenide semiconductors and devices via chalco-gel routes

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    We report a general strategy for obtaining high-quality, large-areametal-chalcogenide semiconductor films from precursors combining chelated metal salts with chalcoureas or chalcoamides. Using conventional organic solvents, such precursors enable the expeditious formation of chalco-gels,which are easily transformed into the corresponding highperformance metal-chalcogenide thin films with large, uniform areas. Diverse metal chalcogenides and their alloys (MQx: M = Zn, Cd, In, Sb, Pb; Q = S, Se, Te) are successfully synthesized at relatively low processing temperatures (<400ยฐC). The versatility of this scalable route is demonstrated by the fabrication of large-area thin-film transistors (TFTs), optoelectronic devices, and integrated circuits on a 4-inch Si wafer and 2.5-inch borosilicate glass substrates in ambient air using CdS, CdSe, and In2Se3 active layers. The CdSe TFTs exhibit a maximum field-effect mobility greater than 300 cm2 V-1 s-1 with an on/off current ratio of >107 and good operational stability (threshold voltage shift < 0.5 V at a positive gate bias stress of 10 ks). In addition,metal chalcogenide-based phototransistors with a photodetectivity of >1013 Jones and seven-stage ring oscillators operating at a speed of โˆผ2.6 MHz (propagation delay of < 27 ns per stage) are demonstrated. ยฉ 2018 The Authors.1

    Expression of Amino Acid Transporter LAT1 During Ameloblast Differentiation

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    Amino acid transporters play important roles in supplying nutrients to cells. In our current study, we investigated the expression of LAT1 and measured the amino acid uptake in ameloblast cultures to further elucidate the roles of this transporter during the differentiation of these cells. RT-PCR, observations of cell morphology, Alizaline red-S staining, and uptake analyses were performed following the experimental induction of differentiation in the cultures. LAT1 mRNA was detectable and found to gradually increase over time whereas LAT2 mRNA was not evident in the ameloblast cultures. Transcripts of 4F2hc, a cofactor of LAT1 and LAT2, were also found to be expressed in ameloblast cultures and increase with time. Amelogenin mRNA was expressed in the early stage ameloblast cultures. L-leucine uptake was observed to increase over 14 days of growth in culture. Our data suggest that LAT1 has a key role in the differentiation of ameloblasts and in providing these cells with neutral amino acids, including several essential amino acids.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2008๋…„๋„ ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

    Effect of aging on expression of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human gingival fibroblasts

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    ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋‚˜์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ฆ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ nitric oxide (NO)๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์น˜์€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ NO์™€ ์ด์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ์ธ inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 10์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ 55์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์น˜์€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์„ธํฌ์™€ 10์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์ƒ ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Hot phenol-water extraction์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)์™€ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฅผ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ Griess assay๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑดํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ NO๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 20์„ธ์™€ 55์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ์น˜์€ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ด 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์„ธํฌ์— NOS-II ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ iNOS ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Total RNA๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ RT-PCR๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด iNOS mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์—์„œ NO๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. P, gingivalis LPS์™€ ์ œ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋Š” ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์—์„œ NO์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ iNOS ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์น˜์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ƒํ”ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ iNOS ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ LPS์™€ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. LPS์™€ ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ iNOS mRNA๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ NO์™€ iNOS ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D project, Ministy of Health & Welfare, Republix of Korea(03-PJ1-CH08-001)

    ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ nitric oxide์™€ inducible nitric oxide synthase ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋‚˜์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ฆ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ nitric oxide (NO)๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์น˜์€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ NO์™€ ์ด์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ์ธ inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 10์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ 55์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์น˜์€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์„ธํฌ์™€ 10์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์ƒ ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Hot phenol-water extraction์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)์™€ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ IFN-ฮณ๋ฅผ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ Griess assay๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑดํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ NO๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 20์„ธ์™€ 55์„ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ์น˜์€ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ด 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์„ธํฌ์— NOS-II ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ iNOS ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Total RNA๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ RT-PCR๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด iNOS mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์—์„œ NO๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. P, gingivalis LPS์™€ ์ œ์กฐํ•ฉ IFN-ฮณ๋Š” ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์—์„œ NO์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ iNOS ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์น˜์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์น˜์€์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ƒํ”ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ iNOS ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ LPS์™€ IFN-ฮณ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. LPS์™€ IFN-ฮณ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ iNOS mRNA๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋…ธํ™”๊ฐ€ NO์™€ iNOS ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea(03-PJ1-PG1-CH08-0001)

    ์ž‘์€๋•ƒ์ฅ Crocidura suaveolens ์•…ํ•˜์„ ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ

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    The ultrastructure of submandibular gland was examined in the lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens. The submandibular gland of C. suaveolens was a mixed gland composed of serous and mucous acinar cells. Secretory granules from the acini were discharged through the salivary ducts into the oral cavity. Serous and mucous acinar cells had well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and large amount of granules. In case of serous acinar granules, an immature granule was formless and had only dense specks, and a matured granule was a complete round type delimiting by a single membrane and had a homogeneous dense center with dense specks on the border. In case of mucous acinar granules, while an immature granule was a round type and had an only homogeneous matrix and an indistinct limiting membrane, a mature granule was an even round type having a variety of pattern with several dense bands into the homogeneous matrix and had a distinct membrane. Therefore, a mature mucous acinar granule of C. suaveolens was not only distinct from those of the other mammalian species to have a variety of pattern but also from those of C. lasiura to have an even round type. A great serous-like secretory granules and Myelin-like body were observed in the cytoplasm and lumen of granular duct cells. Myelin-like body, a characteristic structure only reported in salivary gland of three shrews, was discharged from secretory cell into lumen by the manner of exocytosis which has little differences from discharging manner of secretory granules

    The Effect of Chlorhexidine on the formation of bone nodules by Periodontal ligament Cells in Vitro

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    ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ(human periodontal ligament fibroblast, PDLF)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ํด๋กœ๋ฅดํ—ฅ์‹œ๋”˜(Chlorhexidine, CHX)์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ PDLF์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ CHX์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜์ฃผ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„์— ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์–ต์ œ๋†๋„(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CHX์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ MTT assay๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CHX์€ 0.12%์—์„œ 0.00012%๊นŒ์ง€, ์ฆ‰ 10-1000๋ฐฐ๋กœ ํฌ์„์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ 30, 60, 120์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ PDLF์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ํšŒํ™”๋œ ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ์€ alizarin red ์šฉ์—‘์— ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ CHX์˜ MIC๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธํฌ์ƒ์กด์œจ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹จ์ง€ 0.12% CHX ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  CHX ๋†๋„(0.12%-0.00012%)์—์„œ PDLF์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ CHX์˜ MIC๋Š” 0.0012%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. PDLF์˜ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋†๋„(0.00012%)๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋†๋„(0.12%)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์–ต์ œ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋†๋„๋Š” 0.0012%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”CHX์ด PDLF์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study was supported by a grant of the korea Health 23 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of korea
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