Bloody nipple discharge in an infant

Although milky nipple discharge appears frequently in infants, bloody nipple discharge is a very rare finding. We experienced a 4-month-old, breast-fed infant who showed bilateral bloody nipple discharge with no signs of infection, engorgement, or hypertrophy. The infant's hormonal examination and coagulation tests were normal, and an ultrasound examination revealed mammary duct ectasia. The symptoms resolved spontaneously within 6 weeks without any specific treatment, except that we advised the mother to refrain from taking herbal medicine. Since no such case has been previously reported in Korea, we present this case with a brief review of the literature

Ammonium Inhibits Chromomethylase 3-Mediated Methylation of the Arabidopsis Nitrate Reductase Gene NIA2

Gene methylation is an important mechanism regulating gene expression and genome stability. Our previous work showed that methylation of the nitrate reductase (NR) gene NIA2 was dependent on chromomethylase 3 (CMT3). Here, we show that CMT3-mediated NIA2 methylation is regulated by ammonium in Arabidopsis thaliana. CHG sequences (where H can be A, T, or C) were methylated in NIA2 but not in NIA1, and ammonium [(NH4)2SO4] treatment completely blocked CHG methylation in NIA2. By contrast, ammonium had no effect on CMT3 methylation, indicating that ammonium negatively regulates CMT3-mediated NIA2 methylation without affecting CMT3 methylation. Ammonium upregulated NIA2 mRNA expression, which was consistent with the repression of NIA2 methylation by ammonium. Ammonium treatment also reduced the overall genome methylation level of wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, CMT3 bound to specific promoter and intragenic regions of NIA2. These combined results indicate that ammonium inhibits CMT3-mediated methylation of NIA2 and that of other target genes, and CMT3 selectively binds to target DNA sequences for methylation

Giant Vascular Eccrine Spiradenoma: Report of a Case with Immunohistochemical Study

We report a rare case of giant vascular eccrine spiradenoma (GVES) which developed in 56-yr-old Korean woman. It is a rare variant of eccrine spiradenoma (ES), which might be mistaken for angiomatous lesions in view of its florid vascularity and hemorrhagic features. Histogenesis of GVES is not clearly elucidated although it is known that ES presumably originates in the eccrine glands. To clarify the histogenesis of GVES, immunohistochemical stainings using various monoclonal antibodies were also performed. The tumor was composed of three types of cells, namely pale epithelial cells, small basal cells, and myoepithelial cells. Therefore, we conclude that GVES originated from eccrine gland and mainly differentiates toward secretory portion of secretory coil

Phenotypic and Genetic Relationships between Kidney Function and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Koreans: The Healthy Twin Study

Background: The phenotypic and genetic relationships between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) were evaluated in Korean twins and families. Methods: We recruited 688 participants (296 individual twins and 392 singletons, age 30-74 years) who were without myocardial infarction and stroke among participants in the Healthy Twin Study. eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CIMT was measured using B-mode carotid ultrasound. Covariates were sex, Framingham risk scores, alcohol use, exercise, BMI, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and triglycerides. Quantitative genetic and linear mixed analyses were performed. Results: In adjusted models there were associations between kidney function and CIMT with [beta] estimates ranging from -0.022 to -0.032 between eGFR and CIMT, and from 0.042-0.060 between ACR and CIMT. The covariate-adjusted heritabilities for eGFR, ACR and composite CIMT were 0.75, 0.32 and 0.45, respectively (p < 0.001). The adjusted genetic correlation between eGFR and CIMT was from -0.20 to -0.28 (p < 0.05), whereas there was no genetic correlation between ACR and CIMT. Conclusion: Kidney function is a surrogate marker of carotid atherosclerosis and further studies of the pleiotropic relationships between CIMT and eGFR are warranted. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, BaselOAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000040632/16SEQ:16PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000040632ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A077602DEPT_CD:902CITE_RATE:1.596FILENAME:phenotypic and genetic relationships between kidney function and carotid intima-media thickness in koreans the healthy twin study.pdfDEPT_NM:보건학과SCOPUS_YN:YCONFIRM:

Variability of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation utilization for refractory adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an international survey study.

Objective: A growing interest in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) as a rescue strategy for refractory adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) currently exists. This study aims to determine current standards of care and practice variation for ECPR patients in the USA and Korea. Methods: In December 2015, we surveyed centers from the Korean Hypothermia Network (KORHN) Investigators and the US National Post-Arrest Research Consortium (NPARC) on current targeted temperature management and ECPR practices. This project analyzes the subsection of questions addressing ECPR practices. We summarized survey. Results: Overall, 9 KORHN and 4 NPARC centers reported having ECPR programs and had complete survey data available. Two KORHN centers utilized extracorporeal membrane oxygenation only for postarrest circulatory support in patients with refractory shock and were excluded from further analysis. Centers with available ECPR generally saw a high volume of OHCA patients (10/11 centers care for \u3e75 OHCA a year). Location of, and providers trained for cannulation varied across centers. All centers in both countries (KORHN 7/7, NPARC 4/4) treated comatose ECPR patients with targeted temperature management. All NPARC centers and four of seven KORHN centers reported having a standardized hospital protocol for ECPR. Upper age cutoff for eligibility ranged from 60 to 75 years. No absolute contraindications were unanimous among centers. Conclusion: A wide variability in practice patterns exist between centers performing ECPR for refractory OHCA in the US and Korea. Standardized protocols and shared research databases might inform best practices, improve outcomes, and provide a foundation for prospective studies