Gastric Outlet Obstruction Caused by Gastric Ectopic Pancreas With Pseudocyst Formation

Ectopic pancreas refers to presence of pancreatic tissue in locations other than the pancreas (the usual anatomical site). This condition is often asymptomatic but can occasionally cause abdominal pain or other gastrointestinal symptoms. Ectopic pancreatic tissue is mainly observed in the stomach and duodenum and may be accompanied by complications, such as hemorrhage, pancreatitis, gastric outlet obstruction due to pseudocyst, and malignant transformation. We report a rare case of gastric ectopic pancreas accompanied by a pseudocyst that led to gastric outlet obstruction, which improved after endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine-needle aspiration in a young woman with habitual excessive alcohol consumption

Comparison of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection With Endoscopic Mucosal Resection After Circumferential Precutting to Treat Gastric Adenomas ≤15 mm

Objectives Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely used approach for the resection of superficial gastric neoplastic lesions. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is acceptable for lesions <10–15 mm in size. Herein, we compared the clinical outcomes of ESD with those of EMR after circumferential precutting (EMR-P) for gastric adenomas ≤15 mm. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 213 patients with 228 gastric adenomas ≤15 mm in size who were treated endoscopically at a single tertiary hospital in Korea between November 2018 and October 2022. We evaluated the complete endoscopic resection rate, recurrence rate, procedurer-elated complications, and procedure time according to the procedure used. Results Among the 228 gastric adenomas, 49 were treated with EMR-P and 179 with ESD. The histological complete resection rate was higher in the ESD group than in the EMR-P group (87% vs. 57%, p<0.001). No significant between-group differences were observed in endoscopic en bloc resection rates (ESD vs. EMR-P, 96% vs. 90%; p=0.081). The procedure time was significantly shorter in the EMR-P group than in the ESD group (28.9±19.7 min vs. 8.8±5.9 min, p<0.001). The local recurrence rate in patients with histologically incomplete resection did not differ between the two groups (ESD vs. EMR-P, 8.7% vs. 9.5%; p=0.924). Conclusions For gastric adenomas ≤15 mm, EMR-P may be the preferable treatment method considering the en bloc resection rate, procedure time, and local recurrence rate. However, considering the complete resection rate, ESD is recommended as the treatment of choice for high-grade adenomas and early gastric cancer lesions

The Effectiveness of Short Message Service to Assure the Preparation-to-Colonoscopy Interval before Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy

Background/Aims. The preparation-to-colonoscopy (PC) interval is one of several important factors for the bowel preparation. Short message service (SMS) reminder from a cellular phone has been suggested to improve compliance in various medical situations. We evaluated the effectiveness of SMS reminders to assure the PC interval for colonoscopy. Methodology. This prospective randomized study was investigator blinded. In the No-SMS group, patients took the first 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) between 6 and 8 PM on the day before colonoscopy and the second 2 L PEG approximately 6 hours before the colonoscopy without SMS. In the SMS group, patients took first 2 L PEG in the same manner as the No-SMS group and the second 2 L PEG after receiving an SMS 6 hours before the colonoscopy. Results. The SMS group had a lower score than the No-SMS group, according to the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compliance with diet instructions (odds ratio (OR) 2.109; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–3.99, P=0.022) and intervention using SMS ((OR) 2.329; 95% (CI), 1.34–4.02, P=0.002) were the independent significant factors for satisfactory bowel preparation. Conclusions. An SMS reminder to assure PC interval improved the bowel preparation quality for colonoscopy with bowel preparation

Low-cost far-field wireless electrical load monitoring system applied in an off-grid rural area of Tanzania

This research article published by Elsevier Ltd., 2020Despite the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, there is still a lack of practical wireless energy monitoring methods that can be implemented directly in rural areas with undeveloped infrastructure. To address this gap, this paper presents a novel far-field wireless electrical load monitoring system. By taking advantage of radio frequency (RF) technology, the system realizes one-point-to-multipoint and multichannel communication, thereby extending the effective communication distance of the system and improving its sustainability to the influence of the external environment. The design proposed in this study includes standby equipment to effectively ensure the normal operation of the system in the case of hardware malfunction. The proposed method can be implemented in most geographical regions, neither confined to specific geographic locations nor limited by the level of development of the local infrastructure. Moreover, the hardware of the proposed system is based on Arduino boards, resulting in a low-cost manufacturing process. This system has been applied in a rural area of Tanzania, with 46 households. This paper reports a 238 % increase in power consumption by the residents between the time of initial system deployment, when they had little access to electricity, and the time when accessibility became easy

여기상태 분자내 양성자 이동 물질의 합성, 광물리 과정 분석 및 응용

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 재료공학부(하이브리드 재료), 2012. 8. 박수영.여기상태 분자내 양성자 이동 (ESIPT) 현상을 보이는 분자들은 자기 흡수가 없고 강한 형광을 발현하는 성질, 그리고 주위 환경에 민감하게 형광색이 변하는 성질로 인하여 유기발광소자, 형광센서, 유기레이저 등으로의 연구가 활발하다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 형태의 여기상태 분자내 양성자 이동 현상을 보이는 물질들이 고체 상태에서 강한 형광이 보이도록 설계하고, 그 안에서 일어나는 광물리과정을 연구하여 이의 응용 가능성에 관하여 진행한 연구에 대하여 보고한다. 합성된 물질들은 모두 용액 상태에서보다 고체 상태에서 형광이 높아지는 접합체 유도에 의한 형광 증진 현상 (AIEE)을 보였다. 이는 집합체 유도에 의한 분자 평면화 및 J-형태 회합체 형성과 분자 내 회전운동의 금지를 통한 형광성 이완의 증진에 의한 것이다. 이를 바탕으로 뛰어난 자기조립 능력을 지니는 살리실리덴-아닐린 기반의 분자를 합성하였으며, 1차원 구조를 이룸으로써 강한 형광을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 생물학적으로 중요한 불소 이온의 첨가 시에 젤-졸 상변이와 형광색 변화를 유발하는 형광젤 시스템이 구현되었으며 이는 향후 음이온 검출 키트로의 활용이 기대된다. 고체 상태에서 강한 형광을 보이는 이미다졸 분자들은 이전까지 활발히 연구되어 유기발광소자로써 활용되었으며, 이에서 발현되는 지연형광 현상이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 더 나은 유기발광소자로써의 활용 가능성을 위하여 나프틸그룹이 치환된 이미다졸 분자들의 열적, 전기화학적, 광학적 성질에 관한 실험을 진행하였다. 나프틸 그룹이 치환된 물질들은 고체상태에서 보다 강한 형광을 가지는 것이 측정되었다. 또한 기존의 물질과 비슷한 형광파장을 가지면서도 높은 유리 전이 온도 (glass transition temperature)를 가져 열적으로 더 안정하고, 좀 더 낮은 비점유 분자궤도함수 (LUMO) 레벨로 인하여 전자의 주입이 좀 더 쉬운 장점을 가지고 있어 좀 더 나은 유기발광소자로써의 가능성을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 이미다졸 분자들에서 공통적으로 발견되는 지연 형광을 응용한 스핀 하비스팅 (spin-harvesting) 소자로써의 가능성을 제시한다.Fluorescent excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials have attracted considerable research interests due to their unique propertiesabsence of self-absorption, strongly fluorescent properties and environment sensitive emission behaviors. Such ESIPT materials have been utilized for organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic dye laser, UV stabilizer and fluorescent chemo-sensor. Here, I report the design, synthesis, photophysics and applications of new ESIPT materials which emanate strong photoluminescence in solid state. Developed materials show enhanced emission in solid state rather than solution state, which is known for aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in contrast concentration quenching effect observed from common fluorophore. These are due to aggregation mediated planarization and J-aggregated formation or combination of steric crowding around the fluorophore and restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) which is known for main non-radiative decay process. Based on these photophysics study, -conjugated low-molecular weight organogelator (LMOG) containing central salicylideneaniline moiety, ESIPT fluorophore, was designed and synthesized. The molecule easily aggregates into 1-D nano-ribbon architecture with enhanced fluorescence property. In addition, the organogel system is responsive toward biologically important fluoride anion, which has potential application for solidic anion detection kit. Fluorescent imidazole molecules have applied for organic electroluminescence device and its unique delayed fluorescence property was reported previously. In this study, I investigate the naphthyl substitution effects on thermal, electrochemical and optical property for better dyes toward better OLED application. Naphthyl substituted imidazole possess higher glass transition temperature (Tg) for durable thermal stability and lower LUMO level which is beneficial for efficient electron injection. Moreover, I propose a new mechanism of spin-harvesting device in HPI molecule harnessing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).Abstract i Contents iv List of Schemes vi List of Figures vii List of Tables xiv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Radiative Decay Process of Excited Organic Molecule 1 1.2 Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer 8 1.3 Luminescent behavior in solid state 10 1.4 Research Objectives 14 1.5 References 15 Chapter 2 Simple -conjugated Low Molecular-Weight Organogelator (LMOG) Showing Excited-state Intramolecular Proton Transfer for Anion detection. 18 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 Result and Discussion 20 2.3 Conclusion 41 2.4 Experimental 42 2.5 References 49 Chapter 3 Excited-state Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Mediated Spin Up-conversion of Triplet Excitons toward Highly Efficient Blue OLED Devices: effect of naphthyl substitution 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Result and Discussion 55 3.3 Conclusion 83 3.4 Experimental 84 3.5 References 87 Abstract in Korean 89 List of Presentations 92Maste

Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

Depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent mood disorder that tends to recur throughout life. Untreated mood disorders can adversely impact a patient’s quality of life and cause socioeconomic loss. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. However, until now, diagnoses and treatments were conducted according to clinical symptoms. Objective and biological validation is lacking. This may result in a poor outcome for patients with depressive disorder. Research has been conducted to identify the biomarkers that are related to depressive disorder. Cumulative evidence has revealed that certain immunologic biomarkers including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines, gastrointestinal biomarkers, hormones, oxidative stress, and certain hypothalamus-pituitary axis biomarkers are associated with depressive disorder. This article reviews the biomarkers related to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric depressive disorders. To date, clinical biomarker tests are not yet available for diagnosis or for the prediction of treatment prognosis. However, cytokines such as Interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and BDNF have shown significant results in previous studies of pediatric depressive disorder. These biomarkers have the potential to be used for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and group screening for those at high risk

Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin d and cardiac troponin t level in korean esrd patients

Growing evidences have shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency may be associated with cardiovascular (CV) mortality in ESRD patients. However, it has not been sufficiently investigated in the Northeast Asian ESRD population. From 2009 to 2011, 208 patients have newly commenced renal replacement therapy (RRT) in our unit. Among them, 136 patients who were measured for 25(OH)D and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level at the start of RRT were analyzed (M:F=74:62, Age 54.1±14.7 yrs, DM 53.7%). The patient experienced coronary artery disease within 3 months was excluded. Patients divided into 3 groups according to cTnT level: group 1 (n=36), cTnT not detected (<0.01 ng/ml); group 2 (n=64), 0.01≤cTnT<0.1 ng/ml; group 3 (n=36), cTnT≥0.1 ng/ml. Median 25(OH)D levels were 12.1 ng/ml (IQR, 8.9−15.9), 10.4 (5.6−15.5) and 6.6 (4.1−10.2), respectively (p<0.001). Median 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels were 19.3 pg/ml (IQR, 13.0−23.7), 17.1 (10.7−21.5) and 11.6 (7.9−20.1), respectively (p=0.040). Old age, male sex, presence of DM, low hemoglobin, low serum albumin, high phosphorous, high C-reactive protein level, high mean arterial pressure, low ejection fraction and high left ventricular filling pressure (E/E’) were also frequent in higher cTnT group in simple analysis. Using cut point of cTnT level≥0.1 ng/ml, which was known as a valuable predictor of all-cause and CV mortality in many studies, multiple logistic regression analysis was undertaken for adjusting interaction among independent variables. After adjusting confounding factors, log25(OH)D was independently associated with elevated cTnT level (OR, 0.148; 95% CI, 0.026 to 0.832). Male sex and presence of DM were also significant independent variables (OR, 5.025; 95% CI, 1.566 to 16.125 and OR, 4.278; 95% CI, 1.315 to 13.915, respectively). However, other variables, including log1,25(OH)2D did not show significance in this regression model. In conclusion, low 25(OH)D level was associated with elevated cTnT level even in Korean ESRD patients, suggesting 25(OH)D deficiency partly plays a role in poor CV outcome in this population like Western population