Short-term custodial design is outdated: developing knowledge and initiatives for future research and a specialised strategic architecture for police custodial facilities.

This research explores the evolution of WA Police custodial facilities, which uniquely, temporary detain unsentenced people. Adaptation of incompatible spatial strategies have led to a police custodial typology that reflect outdated prison philosophies and design intended for sentenced prisoners. This research developed robust architectural theories derived through critical interdisciplinary investigation developing an understanding of the specialised spatial relationships and operational requirements of police custodial spaces that serve the needs of the custodian and those held

Arenosa Creek Surface Water Quality Monitoring Report

This project was initiated to provide updated water quality data for Arenosa Creek in order to determine the persistence of the bacterial impairment of the watershed, while also informing decision makers on potential remedial actions. Indicator bacteria, such as E. coli, are indigenous to the intestinal tracts and therefore feces of birds and warmblooded animals.They are not normally harmful to human health, but can indicate the presence of pathogens that can cause disease.Typical sources of these bacteria in watersheds include birds and mammals (humans, livestock, wildlife, etc.) that are either directly deposited into a water body or enter diffusely through surface runoff. This study was designed to understand overall trends in bacterial levels, along with determining if levels observed exceed the applied water quality standard. After completion of monitoring, data will be used by decision makers to help formulate management measures in order to address the water quality impairment.Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Federal Grant # I9-8665307 State USAS Grant # 99881

Carters Creek Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation Project: Routine, Reconnaissance and Stormwater Monitoring Report: Tasks 4 and 5

The Carters Creek watershed is a tributary of the Navasota River and covers an area of about 56.9 square miles in Brazos County. Approximately 57% of this area is urbanized (Figure 1), primarily by the cities of Bryan and College Station. Within the Carters Creek watershed, Carters Creek, Burton Creek and Country Club Branch are all considered impaired due to elevated levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) denotes these waterbodies as segments 1209C, 1209L and 1209D respectively. These waterbodies were listed on the TCEQ’s 303(d) list for bacterial impairments starting in 1999 for Carters Creek and 2006 for Burton Creek and Country Club Branch (TCEQ 2012). Each of these waterbodies was listed impaired for not meeting the E. coli standard for Primary Contact Recreation which is a geometric mean of 126 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL of water. Initial listing of these waterbodies was supported by monitoring conducted by TCEQ and the Brazos River Authority (BRA). In 2014, a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was completed for each creek and as a result, they are proposed for delisting in the 2014 Texas Integrated Report (TCEQ 2014).Texas Commission on Environmental Quality: Award: 582-13-3005

Carters Creek Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation Project Final Report

The “Carters Creek Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation” project was developed to provide additional information to watershed stakeholders regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of E. coli concentrations in water across the watershed to aid in planning future implementation efforts across the watershed. This goal was accomplished through a variety of focused tasks that collected water quality data and E. coli source information from across the watershed. Water quality monitoring was greatly expanded by utilizing four different monitoring approaches. Routine monthly monitoring conducted at four stations over a two-year period provided additional data for future water body assessments. Reconnaissance monitoring was conducted by volunteers on a monthly basis at 10 locations and provided water quality information in many areas of the watershed that had not been previously monitored. Stormwater sampling was conducted at two locations and demonstrated the influences of runoff events on water quality. Lastly, an intensive water quality monitoring approach was utilized to collect a large number of samples within selected creek segments on the same day to illustrate changes in water quality from upstream to downstream. This approach enabled specific areas of the watershed to be identified where E. coli loading is likely to occur.Texas Commission on Environmental Quality: Award: 582-13-3005

Designing urban spaces for sustainable behaviour: Shaping communities and social conditions through surveillance—a paradox of public protection at the expense of personal privacy

French philosopher Michel Foucault described the panopticon as “a figure of political technology that must be detached from any specific use.” His depiction of panoptic spaces as intolerable and intimidating—however persuasive his sentiment—is arguably outdated as global populations have increased and shifts in technology, urbanization, and human communication and integration have occurred at unprecedented rates. What is true is that panoptic spaces can be used as surreptitious instruments of examination, facilitating the omnipotent observer, but it is not the panoptic space that is evil, rather arguably the intent of an observer without conscience and a perverse mind that allows for it to occur. Electronic surveillance systems used in strategic architectural spaces are powerful instruments of observation positioned with the intent that they detect, prevent, and capture evidence of crime. Increasingly, however, surveillance appears to have little correlation to crime statistics, violence, or behavioural self-modification. This suggests that people in modern urban spaces have become desensitised to the constant observation that occurs in environments that are saturated with surveillance technology in much the same way as the over-use of signage in big cities over-stimulates the senses and becomes indistinct and redundant. Similarly, the overuse of overt surveillance makes the concept of behavioural selfmodification fundamentally flawed, and, as such, these systems do little to support sustainable social behaviours that promote active and safe communities when our awareness of surveillance in the urban environment is diminished. This paper examines international examples of urban surveillance and argues that electronic surveillance technologies without a physical and respected authoritarian presence do not dissuade unwanted behaviours. Further, fear-mongering is designed to persuade society that increased surveillance is in the public interest to prevent crime. This paper suggests that the link that supports sustainable social behaviours and social engagement in urban contexts is well-considered design of urban spaces that specifically promote active communities. Many urban spaces, however, consider the placement and integration of surveillance devices as essential, and, where given prominence, this paper will provide commentary on such settings and circumstances where their existence becomes little more than staged environments designed to invade civil liberties and individual privacy