Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/21510/thumbnail.jp

Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/21510/thumbnail.jp

Testing Observational Techniques with 3D MHD Jets in Clusters

Observations of X-ray cavities formed by powerful jets from AGN in galaxy cluster cores are commonly used to estimate the mechanical luminosity of these sources. We test the reliability of observationally measuring this power with synthetic X-ray observations of 3-D MHD simulations of jets in a galaxy cluster environment. We address the role that factors such as jet intermittency and orientation of the jets on the sky have on the reliability of observational measurements of cavity enthalpy and age. An estimate of the errors in these quantities can be made by directly comparing ``observationally'' derived values with values from the simulations. In our tests, cavity enthalpy, age and mechanical luminosity derived from observations are within a factor of two of the simulation values.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; to appear in proceedings of The Monster's Fiery Breath: Feedback in Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters (AIP conference series

Characterization of Snow Pack and its Effect on the Reservoir Capacity for 4-Nonylphenol

Previous research on the environmental transport of the endocrine disruptor 4-nonylphenol, 4-NP, from California’s Central valley to the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountain has given evidence that snow acts as a reservoir for the compound. In this report an investigative study on snow’s physical characteristics was performed to understand the reservoir capacity snow has for 4-NP deposition. This was done through a series of controlled laboratory experiments which simulated 4-NP deposition to snow drifts in a manner similar to those see in the environment. This study allowed the researcher to determine the impact varying environmental factors, such as average snow particle size and wind velocity, had towards 4-NP partitioning to snow drifts. After this, in field snow samples were collected from the Easter Sierra Nevada Mountain study site and analyzed through the scope of knowledge established from the controlled laboratory experiments. This allowed for a thorough analysis of snow samples and the concentrations of 4-NP found within the samples

A Machine-Aided Approach to Generating Grammar Rules from Japanese Source Text for Use in Hybrid and Rule-based Machine Translation Systems

Many automatic machine translation systems available today use a hybrid of pure statistical translation and rule-based grammatical translations. This is largely due to the shortcomings of each individual approach, requiring a large amount of time for linguistics experts to hand-code grammar rules for a rule-based system and requiring large amounts of source text to generate accurate statistical models. By automating a portion of the rule generation process, the creation of grammar rules could be made to be faster, more efficient and less costly. By doing statistical analysis on a bilingual corpus, common grammar rules can be inferred and exported to a hybrid system. The resulting rules then provide a base grammar for the system. This helps to reduce the time needed for experts to hand-code grammar rules and make a hybrid system more effective

Heating of the Atmosphere by the Sea

An important component of atmospheric heating is the the surface heat flux from the sea. We give expressions for the main components of this flux

Baryogenesis, Dark Matter and the Pentagon

We present a new mechanism for baryogenesis, which links the baryon asymmetry of the universe to the dark matter density. The mechanism arises naturally in the Pentagon model of TeV scale physics. In that context, it forces a re-evaluation of some of the assumptions of the model, and we detail the changes that are required in order to fit observations.Comment: JHEP3 LaTeX, 15 pages. New version corrects errors in the electroweak baryon violating and matter radiation temperatures, which were pointed out by the referee. Substantial quantitative but no qualitative change to our conclusion

Adolescent olanzapine sensitization is correlated with hippocampal stem cell proliferation in a maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia

Previous work established that repeated olanzapine (OLZ) administration in normal adolescent rats induces a sensitization effect (i.e. increased behavioral responsiveness to drug re-exposure) in the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) model. However, it is unclear whether the same phenomenon can be detected in animal models of schizophrenia. The present study explored the generalizability of OLZ sensitization from healthy animals to a preclinical neuroinflammatory model of schizophrenia in the CAR. Maternal immune activation (MIA) was induced via polyinosinic:polycytidilic acid (PolyI:C) administration into pregnant dams. Behavioral assessments of offspring first identified decreased maternal separation-induced pup ultrasonic vocalizations and increased amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in animals prenatally exposed to PolyI:C. In addition, repeated adolescent OLZ administration confirmed the generalizability of the sensitization phenomenon. Using the CAR test, adolescent MIA animals displayed similar increase in behavioral responsiveness after repeated OLZ exposure during both the repeated drug test days as well as a subsequent challenge test. Neurobiologically, few studies examining the relationship between hippocampal cell proliferation and survival and either antipsychotic exposure or MIA have incorporated concurrent behavioral changes. Thus, the current study also sought to reveal the correlation between OLZ behavioral sensitization in the CAR and hippocampal cell proliferation and survival. 5′-bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry identified a positive correlation between the magnitude of OLZ sensitization (i.e. change in avoidance suppression induced by OLZ across days) and hippocampal cell proliferation, and a negative correlation between OLZ sensitization magnitude and hippocampal short term cell survival. The implications of the relationship between behavioral and neurobiological results are discussed