Attitudes toward sexual diversity in sport among undergraduate students of physical activity and sport sciences in Spain

Producción CientíficaSexual diversity in the world of sport has not been widely researched in the Spanish context. Studies on national and international sexual diversity tend to leave out transgender issues and intersexuality. The new framework of action of the International Olympic Committee in 2021 advocates for integration and non-discrimination based on gender identity and sex variations in sport. We analyzed attitudes toward sexual diversity in sport among a sample of PASS university students using the Scale of Attitudes Toward Sexual Diversity Among Athletes and the statistical package R. Each item was subjected to frequency analysis and the results were displayed in contingency tables. The sample comprised 610 students from three Spanish universities (68.85% male and 31.15% female, with a mean age of 21.72 years; SD = 4.12). Of the four factors analyzed, the lowest levels of rejection were Cognitive Attitudes (96.72%) and Attitudes Toward Transgression (86.89%). One of the most important variables was gender, with women showing greater tolerance toward sexual diversity in sport than men.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Denoising of brain DW-MR data by single and multiple diffusion kernels Denoising of brain DW-MR data by single and multiple diffusion kernels

Las imágenes por resonancia magnética pesadas en difusión son ampliamente utilizadaspara el estudio de las estructuras cerebrales dentro de la materia blanca del cerebro. Sinembargo, recuperar las orientaciones de los axones puede ser susceptible a errores por elruido dentro de la señal. Una regularización espacial puede mejorar la estimación, perodebe ser realizada cuidadosamente dado que puede remover información espacial ó introducirfalsas orientaciones. En este trabajo se investigaron las ventajas de aplicar un filtroanisotrópico basado en simples y múltiples kerneles de orientación de manojos de axones.Para esto, hemos calculado kerneles locales de difusión basados en modelos de tensoresde difusión y multi tensores de difusión. Mostraremos los beneficios de nuestra propuestaen 3 tipos diferentes de imágenes obtenidas por resonancia magnética pesada en difusión:Datos sintéticos, imágenes humanas tomadas en vivo, y datos obtenidos de un fantasmasimulador de difusión.Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging is widely used to study the structure ofthe fiber pathways of white matter in the brain. However, the recovered axon orientationscan be prone to error because of the low signal to noise ratio. Spatial regularization canreduce the error, but it must be done carefully so that real spatial information is not removedand false orientations are not introduced. In this paper we investigate the advantagesof applying an anisotropic filter based on single and multiple axon bundle orientation kernels.To this end, we compute local diffusion kernels based on Diffusion Tensor and multiDiffusion Tensor models. We show the benefits of our approach to three different types ofDW-MRI data: synthetic, in vivo human, and acquired from a diffusion phantom

Terminación de pozos petroleros: Caso de aplicación para un exploratorio ubicado la sonda de Campeche

Tesis (Ingeniero Petrolero), Instituto Politecnico Nacional. ESIA Ticomán, 2015, 1 archivo PDF, (116 páginas

Terminación de pozos petroleros: Caso de aplicación para un exploratorio ubicado la sonda de Campeche

Tesis (Ingeniero Petrolero), Instituto Politecnico Nacional. ESIA Ticomán, 2015, 1 archivo PDF, (116 páginas

Congreso científico 2016

La Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (UNACHI), continuando con el fortalecimiento de las políticas institucionales, correspondientes al Factor 2: Investigación e innovación, presenta a la consideración de los estamentos universitarios y a la sociedad panameña, el presente volumen, Avances en Investigación 2016, en el cual se recogen los resultados preliminares y los productos de las investigaciones, impulsadas desde las unidades académicas y la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado (VIP), durante el período 2015-2016. Cumpliendo con el compromiso de responsabilidad social, el equipo de gestión administrativa de la Rectora Magnífica, Etelvina Medianero de Bonagas, rinde cuentas de los principales logros, los impactos sociales y las proyecciones generadas desde el quehacer investigativo institucional. La realización del II Congreso Científico comprende el desarrollo de conferencias magistrales, conferencias cortas, ponencias, un panel y la exposición de murales. En su conjunto, es un evento académico, a través del cual se procura ofrecer una visión holística de la investigación, desde las perspectivas de las diversas disciplinas, con el propósito de contribuir a un mejor entendimiento del saber humano, a que se realicen aportaciones a las teorías del conocimiento y se propongan soluciones a los grandes temas de interés nacional. Es a partir de esta visión, que en el congreso se abordan temáticas pertinentes con la gestión de la investigación; las estrategias para la colaboración internacional; las tendencias de la investigación científica; los indicadores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación; la energía y el desarrollo sustentable; el emprendimiento y la innovación; los desafíos de la agricultura, ante la soberanía alimentaria; el plan estratégico del agro panameño; la educación y las pruebas PISA; los estudios del virus del Zika y las investigaciones virológicas; los retos en la salud y el bienestar humano; la seguridad y desarrollo humano y el rol del periodismo en tiempos actuales, entre otros temas. Algunas de las instituciones nacionales e internacionales que comparten sus experiencias en el Congreso, son la Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT); la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá (UTP); el Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES); el Ministerio de Educación (MEDUCA); la Caja de Seguro Social (CSS); la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED); el Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas (IICA) y el Programa LASPAU, afiliado a la Universidad de Harvard. Por la UNACHI, se cuenta con decidida participación de sus investigadores, institutos y centros de investigación. Los países de los cuales proceden los conferencistas son, los Estados Unidos, Guatemala, Colombia, Bolivia y Perú; además, del país sede, Panamá

Why is the winner the best?

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multi-center study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and postprocessing (66%). The "typical" lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work

Why is the winner the best?

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multi-center study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and postprocessing (66%). The "typical" lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work

Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics in Evaluation of LIXisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome, a long-term cardiovascular end point trial of lixisenatide versus placebo

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a particularly high risk of CV events. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, improves glycemia, but its effects on CV events have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: ELIXA (www.clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT01147250) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of lixisenatide in patients with T2DM and a recent ACS event. The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of lixisenatide on CV morbidity and mortality in a population at high CV risk. The primary efficacy end point is a composite of time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Data are systematically collected for safety outcomes, including hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and malignancy. RESULTS: Enrollment began in July 2010 and ended in August 2013; 6,068 patients from 49 countries were randomized. Of these, 69% are men and 75% are white; at baseline, the mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 9.7 years, body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m(2), and duration of T2DM was 9.3 ± 8.2 years. The qualifying ACS was a myocardial infarction in 83% and unstable angina in 17%. The study will continue until the positive adjudication of the protocol-specified number of primary CV events. CONCLUSION: ELIXA will be the first trial to report the safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in people with T2DM and high CV event risk