Seeing but not recognizing

Visual recognition disturbances are caused by lesions that affect visual cortex as well as white matter connections between visual cortex and temporal and parietal cortex. Homonymous visual field defects are often present but do not explain the recognition difficulty. In "alexia without agraphia" (pure alexia), the intact right visual cortex is disconnected from the left parietal language center by a lesion in the splenium. In "prosopagnosia", visual cortex is disconnected bilaterally from temporal cortex. In simultanagnosia, visual association cortex is damaged. The first condition is most commonly caused by left posterior cerebral artery occlusion, the second by bilateral posterior cerebral artery occlusion or head trauma, and the third by watershed infarction, tumors, abscesses, head trauma, leukoencephalopathies and Alzheimer's disease. When such disorders are suspected, the examiner should supplement the routine visual examination with suggested screening maneuvers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26251/1/0000332.pd

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Presenting With Features of Spasmus Nutans

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66540/2/10.1177_088307389501000117.pd

The Clinical and Imaging Profile of Skew Deviation: A Study of 157 Cases

Background: Skew deviation, a vertical misalignment of the eyes caused by a lesion in the vestibulo-ocular pathway, is a common manifestation of brainstem dysfunction, yet comprehensive information about its clinical profile is lacking. The aim of this study was to document presenting symptoms, causes, ocular alignment features, accompanying neurologic signs, pertinent brain imaging abnormalities, and measures used to relieve diplopia

Isolated Fourth Nerve Palsy in Nontraumatic Tentorial Hemorrhage

A 46-year-old woman being treated with warfarin for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome experienced a rise in international normalized ratio (INR) to 5.4 and developed sudden headache and diplopia. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination disclosed a right fourth nerve palsy. Noncontrast computed tomography revealed a subdural hematoma layered along the right tentorium cerebelli, directly in the path of the nerve. With normalization of the INR, the palsy markedly improved over subsequent weeks. This is a unique case of a nontraumatic subdural hematoma causing a fourth nerve palsy

Advertising in ophthalmology : II. Advertising is a defensible aspect of free enterprise

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27081/1/0000072.pd