A five-membered PdSbn coordination series

Five complexes of the general formula PdCl2(SbMe2Cl)n (n = 1-5) have been synthesised by combining [PdCl2(MeCN)2] and SbMe2Cl in different molar ratios in toluene. Their solid-state structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The complexes display considerable structural diversity: [Pd4Cl8(SbMe2Cl)4] (1, n = 1) is a chloride bridged tetramer, [Pd2Cl4(SbMe2Cl)4] (2, n = 2) is a dimer, [PdCl(SbMe2Cl)2(SbMe2Cl2)] (3, n = 3) is a supramolecular polymer, [Pd2(SbMe2Cl)8]Cl4¬ (4, n = 4) is a loosely associated dimer and [Pd(SbMe2Cl)5]Cl2 (5, n = 5) is a monomer with square pyramidal PdSb5 coordination geometry. Each structure contains secondary interactions between coordinated Sb centres and chloride ligands or anions, resulting in five-coordinate Sb in all cases with a range of Sb∙∙∙Cl bond lengths. The electronic structures of these complexes have been investigated using DFT methods including NBO and Pipek-Mezey localised orbital methods in order to interrogate both the Sb-Pd and secondary Sb∙∙∙Cl bonding

Continence for Women: Evaluation of AWHONN's Third Research Utilization Project

To develop an evidence-based protocol for initial evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence and to design procedures that would facilitate the protocol's implementation into clinical practice. Design : Descriptive report of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) Continence for Women Project. Setting : Twenty-one public, private, and other women's health sites. Participants : Women in ambulatory care settings ( N = 1,474) provided demographic statistics. Methods : The protocol was developed, sites were selected, site coordinator training was provided, data collection was facilitated by project-specific tele-forms, and the overall process was evaluated by the science team. Main Outcome Measures : Site representation, patient representation, site coordinator feedback on the training program, and site coordinator experience during project implementation. Results : The process yielded a representative mix of site and patient diversity appropriate for testing of the protocol. Site coordinators felt well-prepared to implement the protocol and experienced increased professional satisfaction because of therapeutic benefits achieved for patients and positive collaboration with physicians. Conclusions : The Continence for Women Project demonstrated the potential for developing and testing evidence-based protocols for clinical practice when the resources of an organization such as AWHONN and the research community are combined.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74617/1/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02751.x.pd

Continence for Women: Evidence-Based Practice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72009/1/j.1552-6909.1997.tb02719.x.pd

Revealing important nocturnal and day-to-day variations in fire smoke emissions through a multiplatform inversion

We couple airborne, ground-based, and satellite observations; conduct regional simulations; and develop and apply an inversion technique to constrain hourly smoke emissions from the Rim Fire, the third largest observed in California, USA. Emissions constrainedwithmultiplatform data show notable nocturnal enhancements (sometimes over a factor of 20), correlate better with daily burned area data, and are a factor of 2–4 higher than a priori estimates, highlighting the need for improved characterization of diurnal profiles and day-to-day variability when modeling extreme fires. Constraining only with satellite data results in smaller enhancements mainly due to missing retrievals near the emissions source, suggesting that top-down emission estimates for these events could be underestimated and a multi-platform approach is required to resolve them. Predictions driven by emissions constrained with multi-platform data present significant variations in downwind air quality and in aerosol feedback on meteorology, emphasizing the need for improved emissions estimates during exceptional events

Does clinical examination aid in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in women? A systematic review and meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Clinicians should be aware of the diagnostic values of various symptoms, signs and antecedents. This information is particularly important in primary care settings, where sophisticated diagnostic approaches are not always feasible. The aim of the study is to determine the probability that various symptoms, signs, antecedents and tests predict urinary tract infection (UTI) in women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify articles published in all languages through until December 2008. We particularly focused on studies that examined the diagnostic accuracy of at least one symptom, sign or patient antecedent related to the urinary tract. We included studies where urine culture, a gold standard, was preformed by primary care providers on female subjects aged at least 14 years. A meta-analysis of the likelihood ratio was performed to assess variables related to the urinary tract symptoms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 1, 212 articles identified, 11 met the selection criteria. Dysuria, urgency, nocturia, sexual activity and urgency with dysuria were weak predictors of urinary tract infection, whereas increases in vaginal discharge and suprapubic pain were weak predictors of the absence of infection. Nitrites or leukocytes in the dipstick test are the only findings that clearly favored a diagnosis of UTI.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Clinical findings do not aid in the diagnosis of UTI among women who present with urinary symptoms. Vaginal discharge is a weak indicator of the absence of infection. The urine dipstick test was the most reliable tool for detecting UTI.</p