Towards Real-Time Oxygen Sensing: From Nanomaterials to Plasma

A significantly large scope is available for the scientific and engineering developments of high-throughput ultra-high sensitive oxygen sensors. We give a perspective of oxygen sensing for two physical states of matters—solid-state nanomaterials and plasma. From single-molecule experiments to material selection, we reviewed various aspects of sensing, such as capacitance, photophysics, electron mobility, response time, and a yearly progress. Towards miniaturization, we have highlighted the benefit of lab-on-chip-based devices and showed exemplary measurements of fast real-time oxygen sensing. From the physical–chemistry perspective, plasma holds a strong potential in the application of oxygen sensing. We investigated the current state-of-the-art of electron density, temperature, and design issues of plasma systems. We also show numerical aspects of a low-cost approach towards developing plasma-based oxygen sensor from household candle flame. In this perspective, we give an opinion about a diverse range of scientific insight together, identify the short comings, and open the path for new physical–chemistry device developments of oxygen sensor along with providing a guideline for innovators in oxygen sensing

Towards Real-Time Oxygen Sensing: From Nanomaterials to Plasma

A significantly large scope is available for the scientific and engineering developments of high-throughput ultra-high sensitive oxygen sensors. We give a perspective of oxygen sensing for two physical states of matters—solid-state nanomaterials and plasma. From single-molecule experiments to material selection, we reviewed various aspects of sensing, such as capacitance, photophysics, electron mobility, response time, and a yearly progress. Towards miniaturization, we have highlighted the benefit of lab-on-chip-based devices and showed exemplary measurements of fast real-time oxygen sensing. From the physical–chemistry perspective, plasma holds a strong potential in the application of oxygen sensing. We investigated the current state-of-the-art of electron density, temperature, and design issues of plasma systems. We also show numerical aspects of a low-cost approach towards developing plasma-based oxygen sensor from household candle flame. In this perspective, we give an opinion about a diverse range of scientific insight together, identify the short comings, and open the path for new physical–chemistry device developments of oxygen sensor along with providing a guideline for innovators in oxygen sensing

Self-driven flow and chaos at liquid-gas nanofluidic interface

We report a novel flow dynamics at the interface of liquid and gas through nanofluidic pores without applying any external driving force. Rayleigh-Taylor instability of water and air in sub-100 nanometer fluidic pores in a micrometre square domain of water and air are studied. We analyse it in the context of parameters, such as applied pressure, position to pore size ratio of the nanofluidic pore, gravity, and density. Our research also verifies the flow velocity equation with the simulation results and discuss the mass transfer efficiency of such flow structures. This is the first report on a self-driven switching mechanism of nanofluidic flow from ON to OFF or vice versa. A highly nonlinear complex nature of fluid dynamics is observed in nanometric length-scale, which is also one of the first studies in room temperature. Self-driven nanofluidics will have a large positive impact on biosensors, healthcare, net-zero sustainable energy production, and fundamental physic of fluid dynamics

Active Solid-State Nanopores: Self-Driven Flows/Chaos at the Liquid-Gas Nanofluidic Interface.

Publication status: PublishedHere, we present a comprehensive study of self-driven flow dynamics at the liquid-gas interface within nanofluidic pores in the absence of external driving forces. The investigation focuses on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability phenomena that occur in sub-100 nm scale fluidic pores interfacing between 2 μm scale water and air reservoir. We obtain a flow velocity equation, and we validate it using simulations, concentrating on the mass transfer efficiency of these flow structures. Furthermore, we introduce the concept─"active solid-state nanopore"─that exhibits a self-driven flow switching behavior, transitioning between active and passive states without the need for mechanical components. We found a unique state of chaos at the nanoscale resembling the chaotic motion of fluid. This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of fluid dynamics at the classical-quantum interface. Implications of self-driven nanofluidics extend across diverse fields from biosensing and healthcare applications to advancing net-zero sustainable energy production and contributing to the fundamental understanding of fluid dynamics in confined spaces

Quantum Control of Nonlinear Dynamics in Confined Systems

Investigating the intricacies of confined nonlinear dynamics presents formidable challenges, primarily due to the unpredictable behaviour of molecular constituents. This study introduces a promising avenue for comprehending and harnessing nonlinear dynamics within constrained domains, with broad applications spanning fields like nanofluidics and astrophysics. Quantum-level control emerges as a powerful tool, enabling the manipulation of classical systems to achieve specific outcomes, including quantum control of fluidic behaviour at the nanoscale for application in actuation in nanofluidics. Of particular significance is the observation of an asymptotic function that describes soliton behaviour within a transformed mathematical framework, shedding light on the practical implications of abstract representations. Solitons, known to vanish mathematically, exhibit intriguing transformations over time, influenced by phase gradients. Soliton formations, tracked from 1 ns to 83 ns, reveal dynamic transformations, evolving from their initial state with intriguing variations in amplitude and phase angle. These solitons, under the influence of subtle phase gradients, transition towards states characterised by reduced amplitude and expanded spatial extent. The ability to exercise quantum control over nanoscale fluidic behaviours beckons novel applications, notably in nanofluidic actuation. These findings hold the potential to revolutionise the efficiency of quantum computing in addressing nonlinear differential equations, offering new opportunities for precision-driven progress across scientific disciplines

Nanometric chemical decomposition of infertile Himalayan soils from Uttarakhand

We present the nanometric chemical decomposition of Himalayan agricultural soils. The motivation to use this state-of-the-art material characterisation in the soil is to reduce the testing cost while increasing the efficiency of the characterisation. In India, a bulk volume of soil is still required for the characterisation of agricultural soil. The fertility of micronutrient contents and crop supply capacity vary greatly depending on soil types, crop types, ecology, and agroclimatic variability. Since total levels of micronutrients are rarely predictive of the availability of a nutrient to plants, knowledge of the differences in soil micronutrients that are available to plants is essential for the sensible management of micronutrient fertility and toxicity. In the state of Uttarakhand, low levels of micro-nutrients in the soil are frighteningly common, and this issue is made worse by the fact that many current cultivars of important crops are extremely vulnerable to low mineral levels. These baseline results are to be used to inform local farmers about the potential remedies, costs, and consequential benefits and durability. We intend not to present a generalized or generalized solution. Therefore, we limit our soil sample collections to five arc minutes (8.6 square kilometers) and document variations and heterogeneity in the chemical components of the soil. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to chemically deconstruct the barren Himalayan soils from Uttarakhand. Aluminium, carbon, oxygen, and silicon were identified as the primary elements that contributed more than 5% of the total weight and atomic percentage. Other elements include less than 4% of iron, titanium, nitrogen, sodium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, and calcium