Effects of aldicarb and fungicides on Pratylenchus penetrans populations, root rot and net blotch severity on barley

Les populations du nematode des lésions (Pratylenchus penetrans), lequel produit des lésions nécrotiques dans le cortex racinaire, ont été mesurées dans des parcelles expérimentales d'orge (Hordeum vulgare) en 1988,1989 et 1990. Les nematodes des lésions ont été les seuls nematodes endoparasites extraits des racines d'orge et ils étaient le groupe de nematodes dominant dans le sol. En se basant sur les moyennes des 3 années, les mesures de la pourriture racinaire, causée principalement par le Cochliobolus sativus et les Fusarium spp., ont augmenté de 27 % selon l'échelle de croissance de Zadoks (ZGS) 30-32 en juillet, à 73% à ZGS 70-72 à la fin d'août et au début de septembre. La rayure réticulée, causée par le Pyrenophora teres, a été supprimée par un traitement fongicide consistant en une application de carbathiine et de thirame lors du semis et une application foliaire de propiconazole. L'aldicarbe a supprimé les populations de nematodes des lésions dans le sol, dans tout le système racinaire, ainsi que dans les racines séminales et dans les racines du collet de l'orge. Les rendements ont augmenté d'environ 30% lorsque l'aldicarbe et les fongicides étaient appliqués en traitement combiné. La densité des populations de nematodes des lésions était plus élevée dans les racines séminales que dans les racines du collet à ZGS 30-32 et ZGS 55-60. Les coefficients de corrélation entre les populations de nematodes et les rendements étaient souvent significativement négatifs (P≤ 0,05). Il n'a pas été possible d'établir une relation significative entre les populations de nematodes des lésions dans les racines ou dans le sol et l'incidence de la rayure réticulée ou de la pourriture racinaire del'orge.Population levels of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, which produces necrotic lesions in the root cortex, were recorded in barley (Hordeum vulgare) in experimental plots during 1988, 1989, and 1990. Root lesion nematodes were the onlyendoparasitic nematodes recovered from barley roots and were the dominant nematode group found in the soil. Based on 3-yr averages, root rot ratings, caused primarily by Cochliobolussativusand Fusarium spp., increased from 27% at Zadoks Growth Stage (ZGS) 30-32 in July to 73 % at ZGS 70-72 in late August and early September. Net blotch (incited by Pyrenophora teres) was suppressed by a fungicide treatment consisting of a seed application of carbathiin and thiram, and a foliar application of propiconazole. Aldicarb suppressed the populations of root lesion nematodes in the soil, in the total root System, and in crown and seminal roots of barley. Yields were increased by ca 30% where aldicarb and fungicides were applied as a combined treatment. Population densities of root lesion nematodes were much greater in seminal roots than in crown roots at ZGS 30-32 and 55-60. Correlation coefficients between nematodes and yield data were often negative and significant (P≤0.05). There were no consistent trends in the numerical relationships between numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots or soil, and incidences of net blotch or root rot of barley

Mass Parameterizations and Predictions of Isotopic Observables

We discuss the accuracy of mass models for extrapolating to very asymmetric nuclei and the impact of such extrapolations on the predictions of isotopic observables in multifragmentation. We obtain improved mass predictions by incorporating measured masses and extrapolating to unmeasured masses with a mass formula that includes surface symmetry and Coulomb terms. We find that using accurate masses has a significant impact on the predicted isotopic observables.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Eureka and beyond: mining's impact on African urbanisation

This collection brings separate literatures on mining and urbanisation together at a time when both artisanal and large-scale mining are expanding in many African economies. While much has been written about contestation over land and mineral rights, the impact of mining on settlement, notably its catalytic and fluctuating effects on migration and urban growth, has been largely ignored. African nation-states’ urbanisation trends have shown considerable variation over the past half century. The current surge in ‘new’ mining countries and the slow-down in ‘old’ mining countries are generating some remarkable settlement patterns and welfare outcomes. Presently, the African continent is a laboratory of national mining experiences. This special issue on African mining and urbanisation encompasses a wide cross-section of country case studies: beginning with the historical experiences of mining in Southern Africa (South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe), followed by more recent mineralizing trends in comparatively new mineral-producing countries (Tanzania) and an established West African gold producer (Ghana), before turning to the influence of conflict minerals (Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone)

The spatio-relational nature of urban innovation systems: Universities, knowledge intensive business service firms, and collaborative networks

The need to better identify the spatio-relational nature of urban innovation systems and spaces is increasingly acknowledged. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to provide an enhanced understanding of the knowledge networks existing between urban Knowledge Intensive Business Services firms (KIBS) and universities, which are often key components of such systems and spaces. Drawing on an analysis of urban KIBS firms and universities in the UK, it is found that the nature of firms, the location in which they are based, and the research intensity of their university partners are important determinants of the spatiality and localisation of the networks they form. The results show that the smallest urban KIBS firms have the highest propensity to engage in local links with universities, suggesting that they rely most significantly on their own urban innovation system for collaborative network ties. Keywords : innovation systems; urban innovation spaces; knowledge-based development; proximity; networks; KIBS; universities

To what extent do frameworks of reading development and the phonics screening check support the assessment of reading development in England?

The purpose of this article is to question the suitability of the phonics screening check in relation to models and theories of reading development. The article questions the appropriateness of the check by drawing on theoretical frameworks which underpin typical reading development. I examine the Simple View of Reading developed by Gough and Tunmer and Ehri’s model of reading development. The article argues that the assessment of children’s development in reading should be underpinned and informed by a developmental framework which identifies the sequential skills in reading development

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Information and digital literacies; a review of concepts

A detailed literature reviewing, analysing the multiple and confusing concepts around the ideas of information literacy and digital literacy at the start of the millennium. The article was well-received, and is my most highly-cited work, with over 1100 citations

Search for gravitational-wave transients associated with magnetar bursts in advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo data from the third observing run

Gravitational waves are expected to be produced from neutron star oscillations associated with magnetar giant f lares and short bursts. We present the results of a search for short-duration (milliseconds to seconds) and longduration (∼100 s) transient gravitational waves from 13 magnetar short bursts observed during Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA’s third observation run. These 13 bursts come from two magnetars, SGR1935 +2154 and SwiftJ1818.0−1607. We also include three other electromagnetic burst events detected by FermiGBM which were identified as likely coming from one or more magnetars, but they have no association with a known magnetar. No magnetar giant flares were detected during the analysis period. We find no evidence of gravitational waves associated with any of these 16 bursts. We place upper limits on the rms of the integrated incident gravitational-wave strain that reach 3.6 × 10−²³ Hz at 100 Hz for the short-duration search and 1.1 ×10−²² Hz at 450 Hz for the long-duration search. For a ringdown signal at 1590 Hz targeted by the short-duration search the limit is set to 2.3 × 10−²² Hz. Using the estimated distance to each magnetar, we derive upper limits upper limits on the emitted gravitational-wave energy of 1.5 × 1044 erg (1.0 × 1044 erg) for SGR 1935+2154 and 9.4 × 10^43 erg (1.3 × 1044 erg) for Swift J1818.0−1607, for the short-duration (long-duration) search. Assuming isotropic emission of electromagnetic radiation of the burst fluences, we constrain the ratio of gravitational-wave energy to electromagnetic energy for bursts from SGR 1935+2154 with the available fluence information. The lowest of these ratios is 4.5 × 103

A joint Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT analysis of gravitational-wave candidates from the third gravitational-wave observing run

We present Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT) searches for gamma-ray/X-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave (GW) candidate events identified during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Using Fermi-GBM onboard triggers and subthreshold gamma-ray burst (GRB) candidates found in the Fermi-GBM ground analyses, the Targeted Search and the Untargeted Search, we investigate whether there are any coincident GRBs associated with the GWs. We also search the Swift-BAT rate data around the GW times to determine whether a GRB counterpart is present. No counterparts are found. Using both the Fermi-GBM Targeted Search and the Swift-BAT search, we calculate flux upper limits and present joint upper limits on the gamma-ray luminosity of each GW. Given these limits, we constrain theoretical models for the emission of gamma rays from binary black hole mergers