24,800 research outputs found
The HLA-E Gene encodes two differentially regulated Transcripts and a Cell Surface Protein
An HLA-E-specific oligonucleotide probe was used
to study the expressioonf HLA-E. This probed etects
two HLA-E transcripts, 1.8 and 2.7 kb in size, which
are present in varying ratios in allt issues and cell
lines investigated. We demonstrate that alternative
poly(A) site usage accounts for the differential regulation
of the two HLA-E mRNA species. Sequence
analysis of three cDNA clones, representing the two
transcripts of HLA-E, and of anH LA-E gene encoded
by cosmid cd3.14, revealed identity of gene and
cDNA in the 3â untranslated region. S1 nuclease
protection assays confirmed that the two HLA-E
transcripts are not alternative splicing products.
Introduction of cd3.14, together with human ,&m
into the murine myeloma cell line P3X63-Ag8.653,
resulted in a cell surface expresosf ioan HLA-class
I heavy chain detectablbey indirect immunofluorescence
whereas transfection into the humBaznr n expressing
mouse L cell line, 527 was negative with
regard to cell surface expressionC. ell surface labeling
of transfectants and immunoprecipitation with
a monomorphic HLA class I-specific antibodyo r an
antibody against human &m confirmed the presence
of an HLA-E H chain on the cell surface. These
results indicate that the HLA-E gene codes for a
class I H chain that can be expressed on the cell
surface
Professional capacity and organizational change as measures of educational effectiveness: assessing the impact of postgraduate education in development policy and management
We tend to measure educational performance by students' attainment in coursework or examinations. In the case of professional education, the impact of the educational programme on the students' own capacities to enhance their work practices, and the wider organizational effects of the students' education and training, are also key 'products' of the educational process. This is particularly important with education for Development Policy and Management (DPAM), which is directly concerned with capacity-building. This article adopts a work-related approach to educational effectiveness and examines four professional programmes in DPAM--three in Southern Africa and one in the UK. Through the analysis of the results of surveys and case studies, the article demonstrates how a positive learning experience is related to the application of learning at work. However the conditions for applying learning also depend strongly on organizational context, as do the wider organizational impacts of learning. The article presents a broad approach to assessing educational effectiveness in professional programmes which incorporate these factors
Unanimity on the Rehnquist Court
The unanimous decision making process is an intriguing phenomenon. However, the process of justices with different backgrounds, attitudes, and perceptions uniting on a decision raises many difficult questions for judicial scholars. Despite these challenges, the limited amount of knowledge in the area of unanimous decision making is troubling because such decisions constitute a sizable portion of judicial decisions. For example, nearly one-half of the Court\u27s decisions were unanimous during the 1996-1997 term. Given the Court\u27s penchant for unanimity, it is obvious that research into this area can contribute substantially toward explaining the behavior of the Justices on the Court. Thus, the central question of this article is: What characterizes the unanimous decision making process of the United States Supreme Court? By examining all formally decided cases from the first five terms of the Rehnquist Court (1986-1990), this study aims to provide new insights regarding the determinants of unanimity
Low complexity lossless compression of underwater sound recordings
Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133 (2013): 1387-1398, doi:10.1121/1.4776206.Autonomous listening devices are increasingly used to study vocal aquatic animals, and there is a constant need to record longer or with greater bandwidth, requiring efficient use of memory and battery power. Real-time compression of sound has the potential to extend recording durations and bandwidths at the expense of increased processing operations and therefore power consumption. Whereas lossy methods such as MP3 introduce undesirable artifacts, lossless compression algorithms (e.g., flac) guarantee exact data recovery. But these algorithms are relatively complex due to the wide variety of signals they are designed to compress. A simpler lossless algorithm is shown here to provide compression factors of three or more for underwater sound recordings over a range of noise environments. The compressor was evaluated using samples from drifting and animal-borne sound recorders with sampling rates of 16â240âkHz. It achieves >87% of the compression of more-complex methods but requires about 1/10 of the processing operations resulting in less than 1 mW power consumption at a sampling rate of 192âkHz on a low-power microprocessor. The potential to triple recording duration with a minor increase in power consumption and no loss in sound quality may be especially valuable for battery-limited tags and robotic vehicles.Algorithm development was supported by SERDP, ONR, US Navy (N45) and NOPP. M.J. was supported by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland (MASTS)
Demonstration of Robust Quantum Gate Tomography via Randomized Benchmarking
Typical quantum gate tomography protocols struggle with a self-consistency
problem: the gate operation cannot be reconstructed without knowledge of the
initial state and final measurement, but such knowledge cannot be obtained
without well-characterized gates. A recently proposed technique, known as
randomized benchmarking tomography (RBT), sidesteps this self-consistency
problem by designing experiments to be insensitive to preparation and
measurement imperfections. We implement this proposal in a superconducting
qubit system, using a number of experimental improvements including
implementing each of the elements of the Clifford group in single `atomic'
pulses and custom control hardware to enable large overhead protocols. We show
a robust reconstruction of several single-qubit quantum gates, including a
unitary outside the Clifford group. We demonstrate that RBT yields physical
gate reconstructions that are consistent with fidelities obtained by randomized
benchmarking
Brain connectivity Patterns Dissociate action of specific Acupressure Treatments in Fatigued Breast cancer survivors
Funding This work was supported by grants R01 CA151445 and 2UL1 TR000433-06 from the National Institutes of Health. The funding source had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. We thank the expert assistance by Dr. Bradley Foerster in acquisition of 1H-MRS and fMRI data.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Coherence in a transmon qubit with epitaxial tunnel junctions
We developed transmon qubits based on epitaxial tunnel junctions and
interdigitated capacitors. This multileveled qubit, patterned by use of
all-optical lithography, is a step towards scalable qubits with a high
integration density. The relaxation time T1 is .72-.86mu sec and the ensemble
dephasing time T2 is slightly larger than T1. The dephasing time T2 (1.36mu
sec) is nearly energy-relaxation-limited. Qubit spectroscopy yields weaker
level splitting than observed in qubits with amorphous barriers in
equivalent-size junctions. The qubit's inferred microwave loss closely matches
the weighted losses of the individual elements (junction, wiring dielectric,
and interdigitated capacitor), determined by independent resonator
measurements
U.S. Policy and Strategy Toward Afghanistan after 2014
View the Executive SummaryWhat should the United States do about Afghanistan? After nearly 13 years and substantial U.S. national commitment in a country on the other side of the world, much has changed in Afghanistan, the United States, Afghanistanâs region, and the globe. To prepare policy and strategy recommendations on Afghanistan for U.S. leaders, this monograph answers six key questions: 1. Did the United States have or develop critical national interests in Afghanistan and its immediate neighborhood on or because of the events of September 11, 2001? 2. Was overall U.S. strategy to pursue those interests successful and appropriate? 3. What outside conditions shaping U.S. involvement in Afghanistan exist now? 4. Do new vital and/or important national interests not met by our earlier strategies exist in this region? 5. What strategy(s) should the United States adopt or emphasize to achieve critical national interests in/around Afghanistan? 6. What risks and challenges are associated with new policies and/or strategies?https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1478/thumbnail.jp
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