Principals\u27 leadership behaviors as perceived by teachers in at-risk middle schools.

A need for greater understanding of teachers\u27 (N= 530) perceptions of the leadership behaviors of principals in Title I middle schools (n = 13) is prevalent exists. The researcher used the Audit of Principal Effectiveness survey to collect data. The researcher also used Hierarchical Linear Modeling as the quantitative analysis. Significant teacher-level variables were teacher age, years the teacher worked for current principal, and teacher gender. Significant school-level variables were principal gender, principal teaching experience, and percentage of low-income students scoring proficient in mathematics. Principals should understand how teacher- and school-level variables affect the principals\u27 perceived leadership behaviors. This study has implications for university personnel, school district personnel, school principals, and hiring committees