Need-based Moderators of Relational and Resource Concerns and Their Relationship to Procedural Justice

The current study assesses how needs influence the relationship between resource and relational concerns and procedural justice. Previous research has examined antecedents of procedural justice but often omits a consideration of individual needs in this analysis. Tyler (1994) found that the variables trust, neutrality, and status recognition were related to procedural justice because they contained variance related to relational concerns. Further research by Heuer, Penrod, Lafer, & Cohn (2002) also found that trust, neutrality, and status recognition were related to procedural justice based on resource concerns as well as relational concerns. However, no studies have examined the extent to which an individual\u27s needs will influence the relationship between these antecedents and procedural justice. In response to Baumeister & Leary\u27s (1995) call for greater research into the influence of needs on psychological processes, and using the theoretical framework outlined by Heuer et al. (2002), we examined the potentially moderating effects of existence and relatedness needs (Alderfer ,1969) on trust, neutrality and status recognition. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the moderating effect of existence and relatedness needs on the relationship between the independent variables trust, neutrality, and status recognition and the dependent variable procedural justice. A series of studies using 840 currently employed participants located throughout the United States were conducted where participants were asked to read a vignette describing a failed project at work which resulted in a negative performance review. Trust, neutrality, and status recognition were manipulated by describing the manager who conducted the performance review as trustworthy or untrustworthy, neutral or not neutral and recognizing the individual\u27s status within the organization or not recognizing the individual\u27s status within the organization. A study was conducted to examine the factor structures of three direct measures of resource and relational concerns which were developed to supplement the three independent variables of trust, neutrality, and status recognition. The three measures were a resource concern measure, and two relational concern measures which examined relational concerns an individual may feel in regards to a manager (first measure) and peer group (second measure). The study to examine the factor structures of these three measures used 200 participants. The results of the factor analyses indicated that on the resource concern measure, three of the four items loaded adequately on the factor with a maximal internal consistency of .77. The relational concern (peer) analysis indicated that all four items loaded on the factor with a somewhat lower maximal internal consistency of .67. The relational concern (manager) analysis indicated that all four items loaded on the factor with a maximal internal consistency of .75. Finally, a study using 360 participants was conducted to examine the primary research question of whether existence and relatedness needs moderate the relationship between trust, neutrality, and status recognition and procedural justice. The results indicated relatedness needs (peer) marginally moderated the relationship between trust and procedural justice; however, none of the needs in the remaining eight hypotheses moderated the relationship between trust, neutrality, and status recognition and procedural justice. Post hoc analyses were conducted and the implications of the findings as well as future directions are discussed

AMR Dependency Parsing with a Typed Semantic Algebra

We present a semantic parser for Abstract Meaning Representations which learns to parse strings into tree representations of the compositional structure of an AMR graph. This allows us to use standard neural techniques for supertagging and dependency tree parsing, constrained by a linguistically principled type system. We present two approximative decoding algorithms, which achieve state-of-the-art accuracy and outperform strong baselines.Comment: This paper will be presented at ACL 2018 (see https://acl2018.org/programme/papers/

Bird Strikes at USU

According to the American Bird Conservancy, up to one billion birds are killed in the United States every year by window collisions

Fetal heart rate variability with hypoxemia in an instrumented sheep model

Abstract Objective We examined the effect of hypoxemia on fetal heart rate variability using the instrumented fetal sheep model. Methods In this prospective study, 19 pregnant sheep were instrumented under general anesthesia at a mean gestational age of 127 days. After a 5-day recovery, hypoxaemia was induced by attaching the mother to a re-breathing circuit. Hypoxemia was further extended till 120 minutes, following which it was reversed till matenal and fetal pO2 returned back to baseline. The heart rate recordings at baseline, hypoxemia of 30 and 120 minutes, and recovery were analysed to calculate short term variation (STV) in 16 epochs of 3.75sec each, every minute. Phase rectified signal averaging (window length L= 10, time T= 2 and Scale S=T) was used to calculate acceleration capacity (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC). Results At baseline, mean (SD) fetal pO2 was 2.90±0.38 kPa. Acute hypoxaemia was associated with a significant reduction in mean pO2 at 30 (1.60±0.37 kPa) and 120 (1.50±0.16 kPa) minutes. Mean (SD) fetal pO2 at recovery was 2.80±0.32 kPa. The median STV, AC and DC were 1.307 msec (IQR: 0.515 to 2.508), 1.295 (IQR: 0.990 to 2.685) BPM and 1.197 (IQR: 0.850 to 1.836) BPM respectively, at baseline. With 30-minute hypoxaemia, the values were 1.323 (IQR 0.753 to 2.744) msecs, 1.696 (IQR: 1.310 to 3.013) BPM & 1.584 (IQR 1.217 to 4.132) BPM. With 120-minute hypoxaemia, the values were 1.760 (IQR: 0.928 ? 4.656) msecs, 3.098 (IQR: 1.530 ? 5.163) BPM & 3.054 (IQR: 1.508 ? 4.522) BPM. At recovery they changed to 0.962 (IQR: 0.703 ? 1.154) msecs, 1.228 (IQR: 1.071 ? 2.234) BPM & 1.086 (IQR: 0.873 ? 1.568) BPM respectively. Hypoxemia for 30 and 120 minutes were associated with a significant increase in the DC compared to baseline (p = 0.014 & 0.017 respectively). The changes in STV and AC were not significant. Conclusion Acute hypoxaemia is associated with a significant increase in the deceleration capacity of the fetal heart rate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Analysis of biofouling effect on the fatigue life and energy performance of wave energy converter system

This study presents an analysis of a wave energy converter (WEC) system consisting of a buoy, a mooring system, and a power cable connected to a hub. The design service life of the investigated WEC is 25 years. During this long period, its service life will be influenced by marine biofouling due to the biological activity in the water. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of biofouling with regard to the energy performance of the WEC and the fatigue lives of the mooring lines and power cable. The marine biofouling is modelled by an increase in the masses and drag coefficient of the mooring lines and power cable. Coupled response analysis using the DNV-GL software SESAM was conducted to simulate hydrodynamic and structural response of the WEC system. Energy performance analyses and stress-based rainflow counting fatigue calculations were performed separately using an in-house code. The results show that, for a WEC system which has been deployed for 25 years, biofouling can reduce the total power absorption by up to 10% and decrease the fatigue life of the mooring lines by approximately 20%

Ultimate limit state analysis of a double-hull tanker subjected to biaxial bending in intact and collision-damaged conditions

This study presents a comparison between nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) and the Smith method of Fujikubo et al. (2012). The objective was to compare the accuracy and computation effort of the two methods for a double-hull tanker under biaxial bending and various ship conditions: intact hull structure, collision-damaged hull structure, newly built condition, and ship hull aged due to corrosion. The results for the non-corroded and intact ship hull structures showed good agreement between FEA, the Smith method and IACS CSR-H for vertical bending loading conditions. For all other bending load combinations, FEA always gave lower ultimate bending moments than the Smith method. The differences between the two methods were larger for the corroded and damaged ship hull structure than for other conditions. Results from ultimate strength analyses of the collision-damaged hull structures showed that both methods captured the expected asymmetric ultimate strength response due to asymmetric damage. A residual strength index calculation showed that the reduction was larger for the FEA than for the Smith method. A procedure is proposed that combines results of a few FEAs with the advantages of the Smith method to generate accurate biaxial bending load interaction curves for different ship conditions

Experimental and numerical investigation of a taut-moored wave energy converter: a validation of simulated mooring line forces

A reliable simulation model to calculate the motion and force responses of wave energy converters (WECs) is imperative to ensure the reliability and long-term performance of WEC systems; these aspects are fundamental to achieving full commercialisation of wave energy. A simulation model was developed and validated concerning the simulated WEC buoy motions in a previous study; this study validated the mooring force calculations for the same model. The example WEC system comprises a buoy, a power take-off (PTO) system, and a three-leg mooring system wherein each leg is divided into two taut segments joined by a submerged float. A 1:20 physical model was built and tested in the Deepwater Offshore Basin at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Numerical models were developed to simulate the coupled hydrodynamic and structural responses of the WEC system, primarily using potential flow theory, the boundary element method, the finite element method, and the Morison equation. The simulated and measured axial force results at the top ends of the six mooring segments were compared; the results agreed best in the lower segments of each mooring leg and in the moorings on the downwind side because of the PTO system uncertainties and the uncalibrated damping in the numerical model. Nonetheless, the numerical model reasonably predicted the moorings’ accumulated fatigue damage, demonstrating that the model can be reliably used for mooring structural analyses. The study also used the validated numerical model to simulate a full-scale WEC system installed in Runde, Norway. A comparison of the results from the full-scale measurements and simulations shows that the numerical simulation model exhibited a good predictive capability for the mooring forces of the full-scale WEC system

Mechanical reliability analysis of flexible power cables for marine energy

Marine power cables connected to moving devices at sea may experience millions of load\ua0cycles per year, and thus they need to be flexible due to the movements of the cable and designed for\ua0mechanical loads. In this study, the focus is on the mechanical life of flexible low- and medium voltage\ua0power cables connecting devices to hubs. The reliability design method Variational Mode and Effect\ua0Analysis (VMEA) is applied, based on identifying and quantifying different types of uncertainty\ua0sources, including scatter, model and statistical uncertainties. It implements a load–strength approach\ua0that combines numerical simulations to assess the loads on the cable and experimental tests to\ua0assess the strength of the cable. The VMEA method is demonstrated for an evaluation of bending\ua0fatigue, and is found to be a useful tool to evaluate uncertainties in fatigue life for WEC (Wave Energy Converter) system cables during the design phase. The results give a firm foundation for the\ua0evaluation of safety against fatigue and are also helpful for identifying weak spots in the reliability\ua0assessment, thereby motivating actions in the improvement process. Uncertainties in terms of scatter,\ua0statistical uncertainty and model uncertainty are evaluated with respect to theWaveEL 3.0, a WEC\ua0designed by the companyWaves4Power, and deployed in Runde, Norway. A major contribution to\ua0the overall uncertainty is found to originate from the fatigue life model, both in terms of scatter and\ua0model uncertainty

Peak systolic velocity using color-coded tissue Doppler imaging, a strong and independent predictor of outcome in acute coronary syndrome patients

BACKGROUND: Traditional echocardiographic methods like left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) and wall motion scoring (WMS) and new methods like speckle tracking (ST) based 2D strain carry important prognostic information in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Parameters from tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), with its high time resolution, may further increase the prognostic value. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the basal segments of the left ventricle from TDI is a robust and user independent parameter. The aim was to investigate the prognostic value of PSV compared to EF, WMS, 2D strain and E/e'. METHODS: Echocardiographic images were collected and post processed in 227 ACS patients. Additional clinical data was prospectively gathered and patients were followed for 3-5 years regarding the combined endpoint of death or re-admission due to ACS or heart failure. RESULTS: The combined endpoint occurred in 85 (37%) patients. Those with an event had lower median PSV than those without (4,4 cm/s) vs. (5,3 cm/s), (p<0.001). In a ROC analysis, the AUC was larger for PSV (0.75) than for EF (0.68), WMS (0.63), 2D strain (0.67) and E/e'(0.70). The combined endpoint increased with decreasing PSV. When adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics in a COX-regression model, PSV remained independently associated with outcome where the others did not. PSV was also less sensitive to image quality with fewer values missing or unacceptable for analysis. CONCLUSION: Peak systolic velocity (PSV) is a robust measurement that seems to have a strong and independent association with outcome compared to traditional echocardiographic measurements in ACS patients