THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PATIENT\u27S STRESS LEVEL DURING HOSPITALIZATION AND HIS PERCEPTION OF HIS SIGNIFICANT FAMILY MEMBER\u27S ROLE IN PROVIDING SUPPORT

A descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between a patient\u27s stress level during hospitalization and his perception of his significant family member\u27s role providing support. The following subproblems were also addressed: (1) What types of activities, presently or potentially performed by a significant family member, does the patient perceive as supportive? (2) What types of nursing activities, as perceived by the patient, are being done to encourage/discourage performance of family support activities? (3) What other factors does the patient perceive as encouraging/discouraging performance of these family role-related activities? The Hospital Stress Rating Scale (Volicer and Bohannon, 1975) was administered to 30 adult surgical patients on the third postoperative day to determine stress levels associated with hospitalization. An investigator developed semi-structured interview was also administered to these subjects to determine the patient\u27s perception of his significant family member\u27s role in providing support. The data obtained from the subjects were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. Application of the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient revealed the finding that there was no statistically significant association between a patient\u27s stress level and his perception of his family\u27s role in providing support. Resuits of this study suggested, however, that the family does play an important supportive role during the hospitalization phase of illness

Two-photon absorption and nonlinear polariton effects in organic crystals

Two-photon excitation (TPE) and second harmonic generation (SHG) have been studied in phenanthrene crystals at low temperatures (2 to 6K) in order to investigate mechanisms of two-photon absorption (TPA), the relationship between TPE and SHG, and polariton effects. The transition studied is of special interest because it is both one- and two-photon allowed in the dipole approximation. Consequently, polariton states and SHG play a role in the two-photon process. In the polariton model, both TPA and SHG are understood as resulting from the process of polariton fusion;Polarized TPE spectra of the 350 nm (\u271)A(,1) (\u3c---) (\u271)A(,1) absorption system in phenanthrene crystals, recorded previously, are supplemented by further results obtained using a nitrogen laser-pumped dye laser. Analysis of vibronic structure reveals that the dominant intermediate states for TPA are those of B(,2) (L axis) symmetry. TPE spectra principally associated with intermediate states of A(,1) (M) symmetry exhibit strong intramolecular vibronic coupling by totally symmetric vibrations. Polarized TPE spectra of mixed crystals of phenanthrene in fluorene confirm the predominance of the long-axis mechanism in TPA and the participation of states of A(,1) symmetry by vibronic coupling;The position of the upper Davydov component of the origin depends dramatically on photon propagation direction and polarization in both TPE and SHG. The appearance of the dipole-forbidden lower Davydov component in these spectra is discussed in terms of misalignment and excitation of a longitudinal exciton. The similarity of TPE and SHG spectra supports the conclusion that both result from the fundamental process of polariton fusion. The calculated polariton dispersion curve accounts for the shifts in energy of the upper component in TPE and SHG. The requirement of phase matching on the a*b face leads to creation of a polariton on the upper polariton branch, above the one-photon absorption frequency, for a*- and b-polarized light. This interpretation is further confirmed by the observation of the second harmonic generated from two beans focused on the crystal. As the angle between the beams was varied, a portion of the upper branch of the polariton dispersion curve was mapped out. The lower component polariton was reached by excitation from two beans of perpendicular polarization;(\u27(DAG))USDOE Report IS-T-962. This work was performed under Contract W-7405-eng-82 with the Department of Energy

Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy of Photoactive Proteins with Near-Infrared Excitation

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.opticsinfobase.org/as/abstract.cfm?URI=as-44-7-1103.The Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopic treatment of the photoactive proteins bacteriorhodopsin and the photosynthetic reaction center is reported, with excitation at 1.06 μm. Excitation at this wavelength circumvents the limitations on resonance Raman spectroscopy of these proteins imposed by their photolability and by the fluorescence of free pigments or impurities. The spectra are dominated by nonresonant Raman scattering by the protein-bound pigments retinal (in bacteriorhodopsin) and bacteriopheophytin, bacteriochlorophyll, and carotenoids (in reaction centers). The relative intensities of retinylidene modes in the spectrum for nonresonant FT Raman spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin are nearly identical to those observed in the resonance Raman spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin

Time‐resolved two‐photon induced anisotropy decay: The rotational diffusion regime

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/101/12/10.1063/1.467908.Two‐photon excitation (TPE) of randomly oriented chromophores in solution generates an anisotropic distribution. In a previous paper [Chem. Phys. 179, 513 (1994)], the polarization dependence of the TPE signal probed by a secondary spectroscopic transition (fluorescence or transient absorption) was determined. In this paper, the time dependence of anisotropic two‐photon induced fluorescence or transient absorption signals due to rotational diffusion is treated in spherical tensor formalism. The two‐photon signal in general contains isotropic (orientation independent) and anisotropic (orientation dependent) contributions. The latter decay with up to five exponential components. Four time‐dependent anisotropy parameters can be defined and measured, allowing additional information, not available in conventional one‐photon fluorescence depolarization measurements, to be determined. The special case of one‐color TPE is discussed in particular. It is shown that by measurement of the linear and circular anisotropiesr 1(t) and r 2(t), more than one rotational correlation time can be determined in many cases, providing information on rotational diffusion parameters not readily determined by analogous one‐photon methods and leading in some cases to resolution of rotational motion about the principal diffusion axes of the molecule

Time‐resolved anisotropic coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering: A new probe of reorientational dynamics

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/99/10/10.1063/1.465690.A formalism for the time‐dependent anisotropic third‐order susceptibility induced by a linearly polarized excitation pulse has been derived to describe the time dependence of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattered(CARS) and Raman time‐resolved experiments. The third‐order susceptibility induced in a randomly oriented molecular system contains nine independent molecular parameters—three isotropic and six anisotropic—as compared to three independent parameters in an isotropic system. Methods of time‐resolved anisotropic anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (TRA CARS) are discussed as an approach to reorientational measurements. The dependence of the TRA CARS or TRA Raman signal on vibration and polarization component can in principle provide more rotational information than fluorescence depolarization or linear dichroismmeasurements and may allow more complete characterization of rotational dynamics. Results are reported for three types of TRA CARS experiments to demonstrate the capabilities of TRA CARS to study the rotational motion of molecules in liquids

Picosecond laser timing by rf phase shifting

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/rsi/61/3/10.1063/1.1141443Generation of picosecond and nanosecond time‐scale time delays in a pump‐probe laser system has been implemented without the use of an optical delay line, by rf‐phase shifting of the mode‐locking rf‐signal. The system consists of dual picosecond dye lasers pumped by synchronized mode‐locked, Q‐switched, cw Nd:YAG lasers. The phase shifter operates with better than 10‐ps precision and generates time delays from 0 to 26 ns

Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Barren County, Kentucky

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock

Variable wave vector second harmonic generation in phenanthrene

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/76/7/10.1063/1.443430.Second harmonic generation is observed in phenanthrene crystals. The experimental set is used allowed the simultaneous detection of two proton excitation (TPE) and second harmonic generation.(SHG). (AIP

Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Barren County, Kentucky

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock

Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Hart County, Kentucky

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock