Whole Body Cryotherapy vs. Cold Water Immersion

In this country a significant percentage of the population present to clinics with generalized musculoskeletal disorders related to pain. More than one-quarter of Americans (26%) age 20 years and over, or an estimated 76.5 million Americans report a problem with general musculoskeletal disorders related to pain that persisted for more than 24 hours in duration. The treatment for various musculoskeletal disorders related to pain are anti-inflammatory agents or opioid analgesics. Another form of anti-inflammatory /analgesia for such ailments is cold therapy. The purpose of this literature review is to compare Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBCt) to Cold Water Immersion (CWI) in well-trained, adult athletes of both genders, between the ages of 18 to 60, to determine which treatment provides the better reduction of symptoms. The review of literature focused on WBCt and CWI studies to determine which cold therapy provides faster/better relief of symptoms from musculoskeletal disorders related to pain. The results showed that average and minimum tissue temperatures were lower (p\u3c0.05) immediately after whole body cryotherapy (19.0±0.9°C) compared to cold water immersion (20.5±0.6°C). However, from 10 to 60 min post, the average, minimum and maximum tissue temperatures were lower (p\u3c0.05) following the cold water treatment. While WBCt achieves the lower initial tissue temperature, CWI will maintain the overall lower tissue temperature. Based on the results of this literature review, a practitioner can determine if WBCt is a viable application that the clinic/hospital should have readily available for an alternative treatment for various musculoskeletal disorders related to pain.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1076/thumbnail.jp

Refine modeling tools to forecast effects of dam operations on reservoir food webs

Includes bibliographical references.Annual progress report, March 24 - August 1, 1998

Ecological effects of reservoir operations on Blue Mesa Reservoir

Includes bibliographical references.Annual progress report, May 1, 1997-April 30, 1998

Thermodynamic model of electric-field-induced pattern formation in binary dielectric fluids

An electric-field-induced phase transition and pattern formation in a binary dielectric fluid layer are studied using a coarse-grained free-energy functional. The electrostatic part of the free energy is a nonlinear functional of the dielectric function, which depends in turn on the local colloidal concentration. We determine the phase coexistence curve and find that beyond a critical electric field the system phase separates. Accompanying the phase separation are patterns similar to those observed in a spinodal decomposition of an ordinary binary fluid. The temporal evolution of the phase separating patterns are discussed both analytically and numerically by integrating a Cahn-Hilliard type of equation

Palmitoylation of Desmoglein 2 Is a Regulator of Assembly Dynamics and Protein Turnover.

Desmosomes are prominent adhesive junctions present between many epithelial cells as well as cardiomyocytes. The mechanisms controlling desmosome assembly and remodeling in epithelial and cardiac tissue are poorly understood. We recently identified protein palmitoylation as a mechanism regulating desmosome dynamics. In this study, we have focused on the palmitoylation of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) and characterized the role that palmitoylation of Dsg2 plays in its localization and stability in cultured cells. We identified two cysteine residues in the juxtamembrane (intracellular anchor) domain of Dsg2 that, when mutated, eliminate its palmitoylation. These cysteine residues are conserved in all four desmoglein family members. Although mutant Dsg2 localizes to endogenous desmosomes, there is a significant delay in its incorporation into junctions, and the mutant is also present in a cytoplasmic pool. Triton X-100 solubility assays demonstrate that mutant Dsg2 is more soluble than wild-type protein. Interestingly, trafficking of the mutant Dsg2 to the cell surface was delayed, and a pool of the non-palmitoylated Dsg2 co-localized with lysosomal markers. Taken together, these data suggest that palmitoylation of Dsg2 regulates protein transport to the plasma membrane. Modulation of the palmitoylation status of desmosomal cadherins can affect desmosome dynamics