PCR results from maize seed samples.

<p>Top Left Gel Detection of the reference gene <i>zein</i> (duplicate samples), controls are positive (+) and no template control (NT). All samples are positive. Top Right Gel Detection of the transgene <i>p35s</i> (duplicate samples), controls are positive (+), negative (−) and no template control (NT). Samples 4, 6, 7, 12 and 20 are positive. Bottom Left Gel Detection of <i>Cry1Ab</i> (insect resistance gene, duplicate samples), controls are positive (+), negative (−), and no template control (NT). Sample 4 is positive, while sample 12 only shows a positive in one of the two lanes. Bottom Right Gel Detection of NK603 (herbicide tolerant event, duplicate samples), controls are positive (+), negative (−) and no template control (NT). Samples 6, 7, and 20 are positive. Ladder is ØX174 RF Hae III. A summary of these results can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116147#pone-0116147-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

PCR results from reaction with MON810 event specific primers VM.

<p>Upper section of gel shows seed samples (4, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 20) and the one leaf sample (G2.19) that was further investigated. Lower section shows controls consisting of a gradient (100%, 10%, 5%, 1% and 0% MON810 content), and a no template control (NT). Only samples 4 and 12 showed clear signals at the correct position in the gel (VM product size 170 bp). Ladder used was ØX174 RF Hae III.</p

A South African Village Lay-Out.

<p>Drawing showing the layout of a South African smallholder village resembling the studied area with gardens (green) in connection to houses (blue) throughout the village itself, and larger area(s) where multiple fields with different owners lie close together (not to scale).</p

PCR detection of <i>p35s</i> in pooled and individual samples of DNA from maize leafs, and further tests of positive garden sample.

<p>Top Gel Pooled samples from sample sets G1 (A, B, C), and G2 (A, B, C), in duplicate, each pool consisting of 10 individual samples. Controls are no template (NT), negative (−), and 1%, 5% and 10%. G2 B is positive for the presence of <i>p35s</i>. Middle Gel Individual leaf DNA samples from G2 B pool, G2.16-G2.20, in duplicate. Controls are NT, negative (−) and positive controls (1%, 5% and 10%). G2.19 is positive for the presence of <i>p35s</i>. Bottom Gel Sample G2.19 tested for the presence of (left to right) <i>zein</i>, <i>p35s</i>, and <i>Cry1Ab</i> (in duplicates). Control used were positive (+) and NT. G2.19 is positive for <i>zein</i> and <i>p35s</i>. Ladder is ØX174 RF Hae III in all cases.</p

Survey Data.

<p>Survey data on seed origin showing what kind of seed was planted in a) fields and b) gardens during the 2011–2012 season; and on seed management in general showing the proportions of farmers c) recycling seed and d) participating in sharing (d). N = 26.</p

Summary of PCR results.

<p>PCR result summary for samples in which transgenes were detected, and background information on these samples. A positive result for Cry1Ab or MON810 indicates that the maize has an insect resistant trait, and a positive result for the NK603 indicates herbicide tolerance. Last two columns are based on the farmer surveys. N/A not applicable, N. d. = not determined, ^†Sample G2.19 is a leaf from a maize plant growing in a garden, the remaining samples are seed samples, *Samples 6 and 20 are from the same farmer.</p><p>Summary of PCR results.</p

Volatile emission (ng/plant/hr) (mean ± s.e) from egg exposed (inducing), neighbouring (induced) and control maize plants (N = 5).

<p>Volatile emission (ng/plant/hr) (mean ± s.e) from egg exposed (inducing), neighbouring (induced) and control maize plants (N = 5).</p

Behavioural response of female parasitoids to volatiles collected from landrace maize seedlings, ‘Nyamula’ with or without <i>Chilo partellus</i> eggs in a four-arm olfactometer bioassay.

<p>Response of (<b>A</b>) <i>Trichogramma bournieri</i>; (<b>B</b>) <i>Cotesia sesamiae</i>. Bars marked by different letters within a graph are statistically different (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Behavioural response of parasitoids to volatiles collected from a landrace, ‘Nyamula’, neighbouring induced maize plant (exposed to maize plant emitting egg-induced volatiles) and an unexposed control plant in a four-arm olfactometer bioassay.

<p>Response of (<b>A</b>) <i>Trichogramma bournieri</i>; (<b>B</b>) <i>Cotesia sesamiae</i>. Bars marked by different letters within a graph are statistically different (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

non-outlier-loci

The columns of the table correspond to the non-outlier loci presented in Campagne et al. 2016 (Heredity). Rows, correspond to individuals (described in the file sample-info.txt)