Perspective of Inflammation and Inflammation Markers

Progression and occurrence of coronary heart disease can be attributed in part to the presence of inflammation. As a result of our understanding of inflammation's molecular underpinnings, we have identified markers that may also serve as new treatment targets for atherosclerosis. Individuals with and without a history of cardiovascular disease can benefit from monitoring their C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (CVD). The anti-inflammatory characteristics of statins have lately been explored, and they have been shown to significantly lower cardiovascular morbidity and death. C-reactive protein, adiponectin, CD40 ligand, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A were the focus of this review, which also looked at statins' effect on these biomarkers and their potential link to cardiovascular events, all of which are thought to be involved in the inflammatory process that leads to atherothrombosis and other cardiovascular diseases

Evaluation of Pattern of Lipid Profile of Subjects With Different Abo Groups in Madonna University Elele Rivers State Nigeria

This study looked into how the lipid profiles of people with various ABO blood groups varied. 50 healthy patients with varied ABO blood groups were studied, including 12 A, 12 B, and 10 AB and 16 O blood groups, all of whom appeared to be in good condition and appeared to be asymptomatic. Men and women between the ages of 15 and 25 years old provided informed consent and met the inclusion criteria. Colorimetric measurements of serum lipid profiles were performed on blood samples collected in accordance with routine operating protocols. The results were expressed as MeanSD, and the means of the groups were compared using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Values with p0.05 were considered significant, whereas those with p>0.05 were not. Averages for TCH and TG in group A were 4.21 and 0.99 millimol/L, respectively. HDL and LDL were both 1.71 and 0.07 millimol/L higher in this group. TCH was 4.2 0.48 mmol/L, TG was 0.74 0.35 mmol/L, HDL was 1.6 0.62 mmol/L, and LDL was 2.26 0.45 mmol/L on average in group B. TCH (4.3 0.88 mmol/L), TG (0.96 0.49 mmol/L), HDL (1.8 0.52 mmol/L) and LDL (1.94 0.81 mmol/L) were found in the group AB patients. When the TCH, TG, HDL, and LDL mean values of the various ABO blood groups were examined, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). This study's findings suggest that blood type has no effect on the serum lipid profile of healthy persons

Alterations of alpha fetoprotein and some liver enzymes, in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri

Aim: This study is therefore aimed at evaluating the serum level of alpha fetoprotein and liver enzymes in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. Materials and method: A total of one hundred and fifty subjects which comprised 50 HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy, 50 HIV patients not yet on antiretroviral therapy and 50 healthy subjects as control were used in the study. The liver enzymes and alpha fetoprotein serum levels were determined using colorimetric end-point method and ELISA technique, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed on Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) windows version 20.0.Test of significance was determined using the student’s t-test and the statistical significance was set up at p<0.05.Results:. Results obtained showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in alpha fetoprotein (4.64±4.42ng/ml), Aspartate aminotransferase (13.3±8.10iu/L), Alanine Aminotransferase (7.58±3.56iu/L) and alkaline phosphatase (68.73±54.95iu/L) of the HIV positive patients when compared with to their controls (1.43±1.53ng/ml), (5.75±3.03iu/L), (3.85±2.33iu/L) (25.9±9.17iu/L) respectively. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean value of the alpha fetoprotein of those already in ART (5.91±5.60ng/ml) when compared with the mean value seen in those not on the therapy (3.36±2.10ng/ml). Also, when compared according to duration of therapy, a significant increase was seen at P>0.05 in all the parameters. This study inferred that long time use of these antiretrovirals has a damaging effect on the liver but can't possibly cause hepatocellular carcinoma except in the presence of other risk factors. Thus, the intake of the drug should be strictly under the doctor's prescription and monitoring

Some Patterns of Haemostatic Parameters Among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Hemostatic parameters of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders in owerri were studied using standard methods. The parameters include PT, APTT, Fibrinogen, t-PA, D-dimer. A total of 200 pregnant women between ages of 18 and 45 years of age were recruited for the study. They consisted of 50 normotensive pregnant women as the control group and 150 hypertensive as the test subjects. The test group was further divided into 3 viz; 50 chronic hypertensive, 50 gestational and 50 preeclamptic pregnant women as group as groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively.  The mean PT(secs.) values were 11.69±1.02, 11.98±0.94, 12.79±0.78 and 13.86±1.4 respectively, in control, groups 1, 2 and 3. The APTT(secs) mean values in control, groups 1, 2 and 3 were 28.59±2.33, 29.43±2.67, 30.20±2.73 and 31.52 respectively. The mean values obtained for D-dimer (ng/ml) were 191.72±41.92, 207.30±60.71, 249.52±62.08 and 268±59.51 in control, groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In control, fibrinogen (mg/ml) mean value obtained was 521.74±118.02, where as in the test groups, 532.97±111.40, 602.52±103.80 and 671.98±97.37 were respectively obtained in groups1, 2 and 3. The mean respective values of t-PA (ng/ml) in control, group 1, 2 and 3 were 2.43±0.55, 2.49±0.49, 2.84±0.54 and 2.90±0.57. All the haemostatic parameters: PT, APTT, Fibrinogen, D- dimer and t-PA values increased across the test groups when compared with the control groups and they were found to be statistically significant (P=0.0001). From this study, haemostatic parameters increased in the test subjects indicating inflammatory activities in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Perspective of delayed Hypersensitivity: A review

T cells enter tissues and are activated by antigen-presenting cells to produce cytokines that cause inflammation in the local area. In allergic contact dermatitis, drug eruptions, asthma, and autoimmune disorders, CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate DTH reactions. As an example of this type IV hypersensitivity, chronic DTH reactions, contact hypersensitivity, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis are all examples. Infiltration of an antigen-exposed region by Th1 cells and macrophages, which inflict tissue damage, is the primary cause of the delayed onset of symptoms. It has thus been outlined that this delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Trends and Perspective of Metabolic Syndrome

Overweight, sedentary lifestyles, and some degree of insulin resistance are only a few of the traits linked with individuals who have the metabolic syndrome. Additional risk factors include a sedentary or inactive lifestyle, the use of psychiatric drugs, and excessive alcohol use. Weight gain and insulin resistance are connected with the metabolic syndrome. The most effective methods of losing weight are low-calorie diets and increased physical activity. Preliminary research indicates that individuals who consume a paleolithic diet may reduce three of the five quantitative risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Quail eggs consumption and the levels of sex hormonesin healthy students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi

Aim: The present study was design to determine the serum levels of sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, prolactin, and testosterone) following the consumption of cooked quail eggs by apparently healthy students. Materials and Method: This is an experimental study comprising 37 volunteered students, out of which are 20 females and 17 males within the age of 18±35years respectively. They were fed with three cooked quail eggs every morning for 21 days.  3ml of fasting blood were collected before the intake of cooked quail eggs for baseline, 10th day, and 21st day respectively. Result: The serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, prolactin, and testosterone were determined using standard methods. The result showed that the serum testosterone levels increased significantly while prolactin levels decreased significantly at 10th and 21st day  compared with the baseline level (p=0.01). However, the levels of progesterone and estradiol increased significantly at 21st day only compared with their baseline (p=0.01).  The mean levels of FSH, and LH at baseline, 10th and 21st day did not differ significantly following consumption of cooked quail eggs. Conclusion: The probably suggest that regular consumption of cooked quail egg may prevent miscarriage due to low progesterone levels because of its ability to increase progesterone level after consumption. It might as well as cause improvement on male and female fertility

Membrane depolarization in stroke patients

Aim: This study was investigated to evaluate the level of membrane potential in stroke patients in Owerri. Material and method:   60 stroke patients and 60 apparently healthy subjects between the ages of 60 to 80years admitted to General Hospital Owerri were selected in this study. Fasting veinous blood was collected and was used for the determination of membrane potential . Results: The results obtained revealed that the level of membrane potential was significantly decreased in stroke patients when compared with the control at P<0.05. Conclusion: This could probably imply depolarization of cell membrane potential leading to              reduced cell activity

Quail eggs consumption and the levels of glucose, lipid profile in healthy students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi

Aim: The present study was design to determine serum glucose and lipid profile level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein following the consumption of cooked quail eggs by apparently healthy students. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study comprising 37 volunteered students, out of which are 20 females and 17 males within the age of 18±35years respectively. They were fed with three cooked quail eggs every morning for 21 days.3ml of fasting blood were collected before the intake of cooked quail eggs for baseline, 10th day, and 21st day respectively. The serum levels of glucose and lipid profile were determined using standard methods. Results: The result showed that the serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein–cholesterol decreased significantly at 10th day and 21st day following consumption of cooked quail eggs when compared with the baseline levels (p< 0.05). While High density lipoprotein – cholesterol increased significantly at 21st day following consumption of cooked quail eggs when compared with the baseline level (p<0.05). Glucose, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ at 10th day and 21st day following consumption of cooked quail eggs when compared with the baseline (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The implication of this finding suggest that regular consumption of cooked quail eggs may decrease diabetic and cardiovascular risk due to its ability to significantly decrease TC, LDL-C, increase HDL-C and TG, VLDL, glucose not differed

Gasoline fumes exposure and risk of respiratory disease among fuel pump attendants in Owerri Municipal Council, Nigeria

Gasoline fumes exposure and risk of respiratory disease was investigated in this cross-sectional study. The risk and factors influencing it were also assessed.  A total of 216 non-smoking subjects (108 fuel and 108 shop attendants) aged between 18-60 years and above who had worked for more than 1 year in fuel stations and shops located in Owerri Municipal, Imo state participated in the study. Their socio-demographic and occupational histories were recorded with questionnaire based on informed consent. Peak Expiratory Flow Rates (PEFRs) were recorded and analyzed separately for test and control group. Data collected were analyzed with Computer software SPSS Version 16, values of P less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results obtained showed that majority of the attendants were single-female adults, aged between 20-29 years, who had worked between 0-4 and 5-9 years in fuel stations and shops respectively. Odd Ratio (risk) of 3.2 was found in fuel pump attendants. Variations in PEFR of fuel attendants were found to be significantly associated with their years of gasoline exposure (0.000), age (p=0.000), sex (p=0.000), height (p=0.000) and work schedule (p=0.010). There was a statistical significant decrease in PEFR of fuel pump attendants (308.89±51.34), when compared with that of the shop attendants (350.46±46.41). The results revealed reduced respiratory/pulmonary function and risk of respiratory disease which worsen with years of exposure to gasoline fumes in fuel pump workers. Medical observations involving pre-employment and periodic post-medical check-ups like lung function tests and use of nose mask (respirator) were recommended for the protection of fuel pump workers