Estimating commitment in a digital market place environment

The future generation of mobile communication shall be a convergence of mobile telephony and information systems which promises to change people's lives by enabling them to access information when, where and how they want. It presents opportunities to offer multimedia applications and services that meet end-toend service requirements. The Digital Marketplace framework will enable users to have separate contracts for different services on a per call basis. In order for such a framework to function appropriately, there has to be some means for the network operator to know in advance if its network will be able to support the user requirements. This paper discusses the methods by which the network operator will be able to determine if the system will be able to support another user of a certain service class and therefore negotiate parameters like commitment, QoS and the associated cost for providing the service, thus making the Digital Marketplace wor

The Effect of Expected Income on Individual Migration Decisions

The paper develops a tractable econometric model of optimal migration, focusing on expected income as the main economic influence on migration. The model improves on previous work in two respects: it covers optimal sequences of location decisions (rather than a single once-for-all choice), and it allows for many alternative location choices. The model is estimated using panel data from the NLSY on white males with a high school education. Our main conclusion is that interstate migration decisions are influenced to a substantial extent by income prospects. The results suggest that the link between income and migration decisions is driven both by geographic differences in mean wages and by a tendency to move in search of a better locational match when the income realization in the current location is unfavorable.

Do Individuals Comply on Income Not Reported by Their Employer

Individuals (e.g., the self-employed and those earning casual wages such as tips) with income not reported to the tax authority by a third party may be less likely to be detected evading taxes relative to the case in which their income is subject to third-party reporting. However, their compliance responses - to changes in the proportion of income that is reported to the tax authority, to changes in audit and tax rates, and so on - are largely unknown, in part because of the difficulty in obtaining information on individual choices in these situations. We use experimental methods to examine individual income tax compliance in settings where individuals differ in the portion of their income that is "matched" (or reported to the tax authority via third-party information) versus "nonmatched" (or not fully reported to the tax authority). Our results indicate that individuals who have relatively more non-matched income exhibit significantly lower tax compliance rates than individuals who earn relatively less non-matched income. Our results also indicate that higher income levels, higher tax rates, and lower audit rates lead to increased tax evasion, but with responses that vary depending upon the proportion of matched versus non-matched income. Working Paper 07-3

An Introduction to Rule-based Modeling of Immune Receptor Signaling

Cells process external and internal signals through chemical interactions. Cells that constitute the immune system (e.g., antigen presenting cell, T-cell, B-cell, mast cell) can have different functions (e.g., adaptive memory, inflammatory response) depending on the type and number of receptor molecules on the cell surface and the specific intracellular signaling pathways activated by those receptors. Explicitly modeling and simulating kinetic interactions between molecules allows us to pose questions about the dynamics of a signaling network under various conditions. However, the application of chemical kinetics to biochemical signaling systems has been limited by the complexity of the systems under consideration. Rule-based modeling (BioNetGen, Kappa, Simmune, PySB) is an approach to address this complexity. In this chapter, by application to the Fc$\varepsilon$RI receptor system, we will explore the origins of complexity in macromolecular interactions, show how rule-based modeling can be used to address complexity, and demonstrate how to build a model in the BioNetGen framework. Open source BioNetGen software and documentation are available at http://bionetgen.org.Comment: 5 figure

Exchange rates and prices in the Netherlands and Britain over the past four centuries

This paper examines exchange-rate and price-level data for the long period 1590-2009 for the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (earlier the Dutch Republic and England), countries that at various times over this near four century span have differed substantially in terms of the pace at which their economies were developing, have operated under a variety of exchange rate regimes, and have been subjected to an extremely wide variety of real shocks. The principal conclusion of this study is the resiliency of the simple purchasing-power-parity model and of the law of one price at the microeconomic level. Both take some heavy blows during this close to four-century long sample period. In the end, however, they emerge surprisingly unscathed. Real factors at times appear to have had substantial effects on real exchange rates and hence PPP, but such effects ultimately dissipate. As a long-run equilibrium condition, PPP holds up remarkably well.

SMALL FARM POLYPERIOD PLANNING MODEL FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMIES

Farm Management,

ESTIMATION OF WHEAT ACREAGE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR THE NORTHWEST

Acreage response functions for wheat are fitted to aggregate data and pooled time-series and cross-sectional data for the Northwest. It was hypothesized that the pooled data approach provides a useful alternative to using aggregate data since it requires fewer timer-series observations for reliable parameter estimation and it does not require the assumption of constant acreage response elasticities throughout the region. The results of this study verify this hypothesis as well as indicate that regional response elasticities for Northwest wheat acreage may differ greatly from national estimates.Crop Production/Industries,

Fundamental Forces Affecting Livestock Producers

Market Forces, Livestock Production, Porter’s Five Forces, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries, L10, L22, L80, Q13,

EVALUATION OF A QUANTITATIVE PROCEDURE TO SELECT AMONG ALTERNATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES TO REDUCE PRICE RISKS OF STOCKER OPERATORS

Marketing,