Six new species of Integripalpia (Trichoptera) from southern China

Six new species ofTrichoptera are described and figured, belonging to the families Goeridae and Leptoceridae. The goerid species are Goera baishanzuensis new species and Goera recta new species. The leptocerid species are Setodes chlorinus new species, Ceraclea (Athripsodina) semicircularis new species, Ceraclea (Athripsodina) brachyclada new species, and Ceraclea (Athripsodina) vaciva new species (Leptoceridae)

Tinodes species (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) from The People's Republic of China

Five species of the genus Tinodes from the People's Republic of China are described and re-described, among which four species are new to science. A key to males of all five species and a key to females of two species are given

Polypiectropus species (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from China : with consideration of their phylogeny

Six species of the genus Polyplectropns are recorded from the People's Republic of China. All the species are new to science. A key to the males is given. The larva of Polyplectropns nanjingensis sp. nov. is illustrated. The phylogenetic relationships among these species and with Polyplectropns species of the New World are discussed

The Paduniella (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) of China : with a phylogeny of the World species

The phylogenetic relationships of the species of Padunielia are analyzed based on characters of larvae, pupae, and adults (mainly male genitalia). The genus is monophyletic and most closely related to Psychomyia, and Metalype in the subfamily Psychomyiinae. Nine species groups are suggested. Eight species, including six new to science, are reported from the People's Republic of China for the first time

The decline of fertility in Scotland

The primary concern of the thesis is to describe the onset of fertility decline in Scotland at the level of the lowest unit of aggregation for which data are published, the civil parish. The purpose behind this concern is two-fold: to establish a clearer picture of the course of fertility decline in this country than has been done hitherto; and to create a database as a 'springboard' for further research, in an effort to seek explanations for the occurrence of a Scottish 'demographic transition'.The variant of the civil parish demographic data set used is given in Appendix Tables A 1.1 - A 1.4, in terms of the levels of Im (nuptiality), Ig (marital fertility), Ih (extra-marital fertility), and If (overall fertility), over 856 Scottish civil parishes for 1881, 1891, and 1901 These data are used in chapters 3 to 5 to describe the onset of fertility decline at the civil parish, or 'local', level, over the whole of Scotland. Against the background of overall fertility decline, most apparent is the high degree of local heterogeneity of demographic behaviour which characterised the 'transition' in this country. This is something that studies conducted at higher levels of aggregation can only gloss over. Thus, it is argued, a clearer understanding of why the "demographc transiton' occurred is likely only to be gained through detailed study of a large number of small areas.The main task of the present study is description, but explanations for the decline of fertility in this country are also sought. The published data available on non-demographic variables (such as those for occupation and church membership used here) are, however, meagre at the level of the civil parish, and do not match the "sensitivity" of the indices of fertility and nuptial ity around which the database is built. Consequently, few firm answers are found. This highlights the need for further research at the small area level.Finally, in order to demonstrate that local studies are more likely to contribute to a clearer understanding of the decline of fertility in Scotland than summary analyses, a fairly detailed investigation of the 'rural' county of East Lothian is done. Here, it is evident that county level indicators of fertility can be very misleading. Although the county of East Lothian limited its marital fertility fairly early on, at the civil parish level a much more complex mosaic of experience pertained.Overall then, the thesis argues that more locally focussed, detailed research, is likely to be the most valuable, if not the only route, by which clear answers to the 'why' of fertility decline in Scotland are likely to be obtained. The data base created in preparation for the thesis is a contribution to that end

Infantile Scorbutus.: An Analysis of Fifty Cases, Including Treatment.

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The Combustion of Carbon-Tetrachloride in a High Temperature Methane-Air Flame Environment.

Stable species concentration and temperature profiles are provided for a series of five CCl\sb4/CH\sb4/air flames studied on a flat flame burner at atmospheric pressure. A detailed description of the facility used to collect this data is given. This system includes a novel flue gas collection and treatment system. A new gas chromatographic technique used to analyze subatmospheric gas samples is described in detail. This technique utilizes gas syringes for sampling of selected C\sb1 and C\sb2 hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as fixed gases. Stable species are sampled with aerodynamically cooled quartz microprobes. Temperature measurements are taken with uncoated 0.02 cm type R thermocouple beads. The first three flames comprise a study of the variation of equivalence ratio ($\phi$) at constant atomic chlorine to hydrogen ratio (Cl/H), ($\phi$ = 0.76, 1.02, and 1.17 at Cl/H = 0.3). The first, fourth, and fifth flames comprise a study of the variation of the Cl/H ratio at constant equivalence ratio (Cl/H = 0.073, 0.34, and 0.61 at $\phi$ = 1). Net reaction rate profiles were generated for each flame for CH\sb4 and CCl\sb4. A mass destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of near 99.99% was achieved in all five flames. Two types of stable intermediates were observed in several of the flames. Chloroform was seen as the most likely candidate product of incomplete combustion (PIC). No candidate PICs were observed in a fuel rich flame. The increasing importance of recombination reactions to form C\sb2 molecules is observed as the Cl/H ratio increases. Saturated hydrocarbons are observed to decrease in stability as the Cl/H increases. A correlation is observed between peak net reaction rate and the overall level of destruction for CH\sb4 and CCl\sb4. For a constant Cl/H ratio, the fuel rich flame has the highest peak reaction rate for CCl\sb4. The highest peak reaction rate for CCl\sb4 among the five flames occurs in the flame with the highest Cl/H ratio. An increasing time delay between CO formation and CO\sb2 formation was observed as the Cl/H ratio increased. This was due to the chlorine inhibition of CO oxidation