Temporal and geographic distribution of <i>T. b. rhodesiense</i> isolates and clones.

<p>Temporal and geographic distribution of <i>T. b. rhodesiense</i> isolates and clones.</p

Parasitaemia curves generated by four <i>T.b. rhodesiense</i> cloned strains after experimental fly (<i>Glossina pallidipes)</i> infection of nine vervet monkeys (+-476, □-515, ♦-536, ◊-523, ▪-579, ▴-556, x-574, •-554, ▵-555).

<p>After a variable pre-patent period, the parasitaemia tended to plateau but with more clearly defined waves of relapse and recrudescence in the individuals with longer disease duration.</p

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) trypanosomes (▪) and white cell (▴) during the course of infection of vervet 476 with <i>T.b. rhodesiense</i> KETRI 3741.

<p>Phase 1: early stage infection; Phase 2: transition of intermediate stage infection and phase 3: late stage disease which at terminal point was marked by surge in trypanosome numbers and white cell counts.</p

Changes in total and differential white blood cell numbers in vervet 554 that was infected with <i>T.b. rhodesiense</i> KETRI 3928.

<p>During the early part of the infection, granulocytes and lymphocytes are approximately equal while later in the infection, lymphocytes are clearly the predominant cell type. (X- Total WBC, ▴-lymphocytes, ▵-Granulocytes, ▪-Monocytes).</p

Evolution of clinical parameters of vervet monkeys that were infected with <i>T. b. rhodesiense</i> cloned strains through tsetse (<i>Glossina pallidipes</i>) transmission.

<p>Key: dpi = days post infection; T.b.r. = <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>; a = Laboratory number of monkey; F = Female; M = Male; O = observed; NO = Not observed; − = decreased; + = increased.</p

Progressive changes in haematology indices of vervet monkeys infected with <i>T.b. rhodesiense</i> cloned strains through cyclic (tsetse; <i>Glossina pallidipes</i>) transmission.

<p>Key: dpi = days post infection; T.b.r. = <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i>; a = Laboratory number of monkey; F = Female; M = Male; O = observed; NO = Not observed; fl = femtolitres; pg = picograms; g/dl = grams per decilitre; − = decreased; + = increased; NDA = No data available.</p

Changes in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and Red cell distribution width (RDW) in two vervet monkeys (•-554 and ▵-555) that were infected with <i>T.b. rhodesiense</i> KETRI 3928.

<p>Panel A: MCV; Panel B: MCH; and Panel C: RDW. Note that while both MCV and MCH decreased below pre-infection levels and remained low throughout; RDW increased throughout the infection.</p

Trypanosome stabilates characterized using PCR, procyclic transmission test, and isoenzyme techniques.

<p><b>Key:</b> +  =  test was performed; -  =  test was not performed; numbers in parentheses  =  total number of stabilates in the cryobank.</p

Drug resistant trypanosome stabilates stored at the Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute cryobank.

<p>Other than KETRI 2538, which is molecularly characterized (not published), molecular characterization of the other isolates is not available. <b>Key</b>: *  =  these isolates were recovered from cases of treatment failure following suramin chemotherapy; a  =  stabilates which were made resistant to melarsoprol in the laboratory; EATRO  =  East African Trypanosomiasis Research Organization; KETRI  =  Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; DFMO  =  difluoromethylornithine.</p

Animal hosts from which various trypanosomes were isolated and stored at the Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute cryobank.

<p><b>Key:</b> Tbb  =  Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Tb  =  Trypanosoma brucei; Tbr  =  Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; UC  =  unclassified; HNI  =  host of isolation not indicated.</p