Adaptability of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Studies of Pollen Morphology

We have explored methods to achieve excellent results in study of the pollen grain wall by using only one electron microscope, the scanning electron microscope (SEM). While the secondary electron imaging mode, the most common in use, has great value in characterizing the exine surface it is possible to obtain a more comprehensive representation of pollen grain walls by expanding the capability of the secondary mode and making use of backscatter and transmission imaging detectors. In this way information is obtained about internal exine features that are likely to be more stable phylogenetically than the generally late-to-form surface structure. We illustrate the usefulness of natural and induced fractures, cryornicrotomy, thin-section examination, section deplasticization, localized acetolysis and pollen erosion by ionic bombardment in imaging exine structure. Techniques for expanding the use of SEM in taxonomic studies of mature pollen grain walls are outlined in flow chart sketches and illustrated with numerous examples from angiosperm pollen

Pollen Morphology of Saprophytic Taxa in the Gentianaceae

Volume: 56Start Page: 420End Page: 43

Pollen Morphology: The Potential Influence in Higher Order Systematics

Volume: 66Start Page: 633End Page: 70

Genera of the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of China with a Study of Their Pollen

The genera and species of Vernonieae in China are reviewed using revised generic concepts. The recognized genera are Acilepis, Baccharoides, Camchaya, Cyanthillium, Decaneuropsis, Distephanus, Elephantopus, Ethulia, Gymnanthemum, Khasianthus, Monosis, Pseudelephantopus, Strobocalyx, and Tarlmounia. The pollen of each genus is described and illustrated. Keys are provided to genera and species

A New Monotypic Genus, Ananthura , from Tropical Africa (Asteraceae, Vernonieae)

Volume: 21Start Page: 251End Page: 25

Systematic Implications from Electron Microscopic Studies of Compositae Pollen-A Review

Volume: 53Start Page: 220End Page: 25

Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Berberidaceae /

no.50 (1981