Map of sampling areas in the Oconee River watershed (near Athens in the Piedmont physiographic province) and Little River watershed (near Tifton in the Coastal Plain physiographic province).

<p>Base map source: U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. (<a href="http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?physio" target="_blank">http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?physio</a>). Background: watershed produced using ESRI-ArcGIS (LM_LICENSE_FILE: <a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>) based on U.S Geological Survey, National Elevation Dataset (NED), 2012. Site location: Department of Environmental Health Science-UGA. (Produced by Presotto A, 2015).</p

<i>Salmonella</i> strains (PFGE types) present in both animals and water of the Little River or North Oconee River watersheds (Georgia, USA).

<p>* indicates PFGE pattern matching isolate in CDC PulseNet database. [Winter (Jan, Feb, Mar), Spring (Apr, May, Jun), Summer (Jul, Aug, Sep), and Fall (Oct, Nov, Dec).]</p><p><i>Salmonella</i> strains (PFGE types) present in both animals and water of the Little River or North Oconee River watersheds (Georgia, USA).</p

<i>Salmonella</i> serovars isolated from the Little River and Oconee River watersheds (2005–2011).

<p>Serovars noted in bold are those ranked among the top 20 in human cases for the US (2009–2011); serovars in italics are those ranked in the top 20 in human cases in Georgia (31).</p><p>^a Isolates shared one PFGE type (per serovar)</p><p>^b Paratyphi B var L (+) tartate +</p><p>^c Included one isolate collected from shallow well water in the Little River watershed</p><p><i>Salmonella</i> serovars isolated from the Little River and Oconee River watersheds (2005–2011).</p

<i>Salmonella</i> PFGE types isolated from the Little River and Oconee River watersheds associated with human illnesses.

<p>^a Of the PulseNet matches, the search of database was restricted to year of isolation for environmental strain</p><p>^b Of PFGE patterns submitted to PulseNet, proportion of isolates with PulseNet matches</p><p>^c For <i>S</i>. Muenchen or <i>S</i>. Rubislaw PFGE patterns submitted to PulseNet, the proportion of isolates with PulseNet matches</p><p><i>Salmonella</i> PFGE types isolated from the Little River and Oconee River watersheds associated with human illnesses.</p

Dendrograms of representative <i>Salmonella</i> PFGE patterns for <i>Salmonella</i> serovars Rubislaw collected from Oconee and Little River Basins and archived isolates with similar PFGE profiles.

<p>Vertical line indicates 75% similarity.</p

Dendrogram of representative <i>Salmonella</i> PFGE patterns for 37 <i>Salmonella</i> serovars (excluding <i>S</i>. <i>enterica</i> serovars Muenchen and Rubislaw) collected from Oconee and Little River watersheds and archived isolates with similar PFGE profiles.

<p><i>Salmonella</i> PFGE patterns generated in this study were compared to a BioNumerics database of PFGE entries of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from various animal species and to the CDC PulseNet data base of isolates from human cases. Vertical line indicates 75% similarity.</p

<i>Salmonella</i> matches and emergent wetland habitat type.

<p><i>Salmonella</i> isolates from white ibises in Florida that matched human isolates in the PulseNet database were negatively, and marginally statistically significantly related with the land cover type Palustrine emergent wetland.</p

<i>Salmonella</i> prevalence and habitat type.

<p><i>Salmonella</i> prevalence in white ibises is negatively influenced by cover of emergent wetlands (a) herbaceous grasslands (b) and positively influenced by open, developed land (c) in Palm Beach County, Florida.</p

<i>Salmonella</i> PFGE patterns from American white ibis isolates that matched CDC Pulsenet database and human cases reported in Florida.

<p><i>Salmonella</i> PFGE patterns from American white ibis isolates that matched CDC Pulsenet database and human cases reported in Florida.</p

<i>Salmonella</i> serotype and strain diversity isolated from American white ibises in South Florida.

<p><i>Salmonella</i> serotype and strain diversity isolated from American white ibises in South Florida.</p