The distance modulus determined from Carmeli's cosmology fits the accelerating universe data of the high-redshift type Ia supernovae without dark matter

The velocity of the Hubble expansion has been added to General Relativity by Moshe Carmeli and this resulted in new equations of motion for the expanding universe. For the first time the observational magnitude-redshift data derived from the high-$z$ supernova teams has been analysed in the framework of the Carmeli theory and the fit to that theory is achieved without the inclusion of any dark matter. Best fits to the data yield an averaged matter density for the universe at the present epoch $\Omega_{m} \approx 0.021$, which falls well within the measured values of the baryonic matter density. And the best estimate of $\Omega_{\Lambda} + \Omega_{m} \approx 1.021$ at the present epoch. The analysis also clearly distinguishes that the Hubble expansion of the universe is speed-limited.Comment: 10 pages, includes 7 figures, revised version, paper accepted in Found. Phys. Letters 200

Ultra-low vibration pulse-tube cryocooler stabilized cryogenic sapphire oscillator with 10^-16 fractional frequency stability

A low maintenance long-term operational cryogenic sapphire oscillator has been implemented at 11.2 GHz using an ultra-low-vibration cryostat and pulse-tube cryocooler. It is currently the world's most stable microwave oscillator employing a cryocooler. Its performance is explained in terms of temperature and frequency stability. The phase noise and the Allan deviation of frequency fluctuations have been evaluated by comparing it to an ultra-stable liquid-helium cooled cryogenic sapphire oscillator in the same laboratory. Assuming both contribute equally, the Allan deviation evaluated for the cryocooled oscillator is sigma_y = 1 x 10^-15 tau^-1/2 for integration times 1 < tau < 10 s with a minimum sigma_y = 3.9 x 10^-16 at tau = 20 s. The long term frequency drift is less than 5 x 10^-14/day. From the measured power spectral density of phase fluctuations the single side band phase noise can be represented by L_phi(f) = 10^-14.0/f^4+10^-11.6/f^3+10^-10.0/f^2+10^-10.2/f+ 10^-11.0 for Fourier frequencies 10^-3<f<10^3 Hz in the single oscillator. As a result L_phi approx -97.5 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from the carrier.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, presented at European Frequency and Time Forum, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherland, April 11-16th 2010 accepted in IEEE Trans. on Micro. Theory & Technique

Starlight, Time, and the New Physics

A novel solution to the creationist light-travel-time problem is presented. The concept requires new physics—Carmeli’s cosmological relativity. But that physics has been successfully shown to apply to the large-scale structure of the universe. In order for the new physics and Einstein’s physics to apply over their respective domains it is required that the universe underwent enormous expansion that produced massive time dilation on earth, at the center of the physical universe, at some point in the past. This assertion is justified by observational evidence and it is postulated that the time dilation occurred during the Creation week, on Day 4, resulting from the expansion of the fabric of space as God created the galaxies of the cosmos

Finite bounded expanding white hole universe without dark matter

The solution of Einstein's field equations in Cosmological General Relativity (CGR), where the Galaxy is at the center of a finite yet bounded spherically symmetrical isotropic gravitational field, is identical with the unbounded solution. This leads to the conclusion that the Universe may be viewed as a finite expanding white hole. The fact that CGR has been successful in describing the distance modulus verses redshift data of the high-redshift type Ia supernovae means that the data cannot distinguish between unbounded models and those with finite bounded radii of at least $c \tau$. Also it is shown that the Universe is spatially flat at the current epoch and has been at all past epochs where it was matter dominated.Comment: 11 pages, revised versio

On the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer spacecraft

The anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft of (8.74 \pm 1.33) \times 10^{-8} cm. s^{-2} fits with a theoretical prediction of a minimal acceleration in nature of about 7.61 \times 10^{-8} cm. s^{-2}Comment: 3 pages, accepted in Int. J. Theor. Phy

Ultra-low-phase-noise cryocooled microwave dielectric-sapphire-resonator oscillators with 1 x 10^-16 frequency instability

Two nominally identical ultra-stable cryogenic microwave oscillators are compared. Each incorporates a dielectric-sapphire resonator cooled to near 6 K in an ultra-low vibration cryostat using a low-vibration pulse-tube cryocooler. The phase noise for a single oscillator is measured at -105 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset on the 11.2 GHz carrier. The oscillator fractional frequency stability is characterized in terms of Allan deviation by 5.3 x 10^-16 tau^-1/2 + 9 x 10^-17 for integration times 0.1 s < tau < 1000 s and is limited by a flicker frequency noise floor below 1 x 10^-16. This result is better than any other microwave source even those generated from an optical comb phase-locked to a room temperature ultra-stable optical cavity.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

The Cosmic Time in Terms of the Redshift

In cosmology one labels the time t since the Big Bang in terms of the redshift of light emitted at t, as we see it now. In this Note we derive a formula that relates t to z which is valid for all redshifts. One can go back in time as far as one wishes, but not to the Big Bang at which the redshift tends to infinity.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator using a low-vibration design pulse-tube cryocooler: First results

A Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator has been implemented at 11.2 GHz using a low-vibration design pulse-tube cryocooler. Compared with a state-of-the-art liquid helium cooled CSO in the same laboratory, the square root Allan variance of their combined fractional frequency instability is $\sigma_y = 1.4 \times 10^{-15}\tau^{-1/2}$ for integration times $1 < \tau < 10$ s, dominated by white frequency noise. The minimum $\sigma_y = 5.3 \times 10^{-16}$ for the two oscillators was reached at $\tau = 20$ s. Assuming equal contributions from both CSOs, the single oscillator phase noise $S_{\phi} \approx -96 \; dB \; rad^2/Hz$ at 1 Hz offset from the carrier.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted in IEEE Trans on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Contro

Spheroidal and elliptical galaxy radial velocity dispersion determined from Cosmological General Relativity

Radial velocity dispersion in spheroidal and elliptical galaxies, as a function of radial distance from the center of the galaxy, has been derived from Cosmological Special Relativity. For velocity dispersions in the outer regions of spherical galaxies, the dynamical mass calculated for a galaxy using Carmelian theory may be 10 to 100 times less than that calculated from standard Newtonian physics. This means there is no need to include halo dark matter. The velocity dispersion is found to be approximately constant across the galaxy after falling from an initial high value at the center.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure