Glossary Of Orthodontic Terms

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The need for orthognathic surgery in nonsyndromic patients with repaired isolated cleft palate

To determine the frequency of need for orthognathic surgery among nonsyndromic patients with isolated cleft palate repaired during infancy at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada

Presurgical Cleft Lip Anthropometrics and Dental Arch Relationships in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

To investigate associations between anthropometric lip measurements and dental arch relationships in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP)

Reliability of the SWAG-The standardized way to assess grafts method for alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate

Objective: The objective of this study was to test a new method, a Standardized Way to Assess Grafts (SWAG), to rate alveolar bone graft (ABG) outcomes for patients with cleft lip and palate. Design: This was a retrospective comparison using the SWAG scale. Setting: This study took place in four cleft palate centers with different treatment protocols. Methods: A total of 160 maxillary occlusal radiographs taken 3 to 18 months post-ABG for sequentially treated patients with cleft lip and palate were assessed using the SWAG scale. Radiographs were scanned, standardized, blinded, and rated by 6 calibrated orthodontists to assess vertical thirds, bony root coverage, and complete bony fill. All radiographs were rated twice, 24 hours apart, by the same raters. Main Outcomes: Intra- and interrater reliabilities were assessed. Results: Intrarater reliability was good to very good (.760; .652-.834), and interrater reliability was moderate to good (.606; .569-.681), comparable to previously published methods. Conclusions: Rater reliabilities were shown to be comparable to or better than existing methods. The SWAG method was validated for ABG assessments in the mixed and permanent dentitions based on reliabilities in an intercenter outcome comparison.</p

The Americleft Study: An Inter-Center Study of Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Part 2. Dental Arch Relationships

Objective: To compare maxillomandibular relationships for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate using the Goslon Yardstick for dental models. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Five cleft palate centers in North America. Subjects: A total of 169 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the five centers. Methods: Ethics approval was obtained. A total of 169 dental models of patients between 6 and 12 years old with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were assessed using the Goslon Yardstick. Weighted kappa statistics were used to assess intrarater and interrater reliabilities; whereas, analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer analysis was used to compare the Goslon scores. Significance levels were set at p &lt;.05. Results: Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were very good for model ratings. One center that incorporated primary alveolar bone grafting showed especially poor Goslon scores that were significantly poorer than the remaining centers. The surgery protocols used by the other four centers did not include primary alveolar bone grafting but involved a number of different lip and palate closure techniques. Using the Goslon Yardstick assumptions, the center with the best scores would be expected to require end-stage maxillary advancement orthognathic surgery in 20% of its patients; whereas, the center with the worst scores would be likely to require this surgery in 66% of its patients. Conclusions: The Goslon Yardstick proved capable of discriminating among the centers' dental arch relationships. Possible explanations for the differences are discussed. © 2011 The American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

The americleft study: An inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 3. Analysis of craniofacial form

Objective To compare craniofacial morphology for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Four North American cleft palate centers. Subjects A total of 148 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the four centers. Methods The 148 preorthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs were scanned, scaled, digitized, and coded to blind the examiners to radiograph origin. On each radiograph, 18 (angular and ratio) cephalometric measurements were performed. Measurement means, by center, were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer analysis. Results Significant differences were found for sagittal maxillary prominence among the four centers. The most significant difference was seen between Center B (lowest SNA) and Center C (highest SNA). Similar differences were seen at the soft tissue level, with Center C showing a significantly larger ANB angle compared with Centers B and D. Center C was also shown to have statistically greater mean soft tissue convexity than Centers B, D, and E. The mean nasolabial angle in Center B was significantly more acute than in Centers C, D, and E. No statistically significant differences were seen for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations. Conclusion Significant differences were seen among the centers for hard and soft tissue maxillary prominence, but not for mandibular prominence, vertical dimensions, or dental inclinations. A modest but statistically significant ( p &lt; .001) negative correlation was found between Goslon scores and ANB angle ( r = –.607). </jats:sec