How Female Education Reduces Fertility: Models and Needed Research

http://web.ku.edu/~starjrn

A Global Air Cargo-Industrial Complex for North Carolina

Transportation accessibility and changes in transportation technology have always been paramount to community economic development. America's first great commercial centers developed around seaports. Next came riverine and canal-linked cities that formed the backbone of America's industrial revolution. Railroads fostered the third wave of state and local economic development, opening up America's land-locked interior to manufacturing and trade. Major centers of goods processing and distribution emerged at rail hubs, generating massive numbers of jobs and commercial activity at these terminal and break-in-bulk points. In fact, the contemporary South's largest commercial center, Atlanta, developed as a railway hub and was initially known as Terminus. The fourth wave of economic development was spawned by highways and the shift to cars and trucks to move people and goods. With the introduction of freeways, beltways, expressways and interstate highways, massive deconcentration of economic activity commenced. Major suburban commercial centers developed and previously inaccessible rural communities along the interstates had new economic life pumped into them, while those that remained isolated stagnated. We are now entering the fifth, and perhaps most opportune, economic era where international markets and international sourcing will play increasingly dominant roles, and speed will become a critical competitive factor. This new era is being ushered in by three irreversible forces of immense significance: the globalization of economic transactions; fundamental changes in manufacturing methods from producing large, uniform batches to making customized goods on short notice and to just-in-time processes that substantially cut production and delivery cycles to minimize inventory costs; and a growing requirement of business to ship products by air rather than by surface. The combined thrust of these interacting forces is creating an entirely new economy where aviation and airports will ultimately supplant seaports, rail and highway systems as the primary job and wealth generators for states and localities. North Carolina's ability to maximize indigenous commercial growth, expand exports, and attract major investment from around the country and the world will require an understanding of the new global economy and the forces creating it. Competitive success will also require vision and pro-action regarding the pivotal role aviation will play. After briefly describing the forces shaping the new economy, this article describes the concept of a global air cargo-industrial complex that would exploit these forces to provide North Carolina with an edge in capturing a disproportionate share of the nation's future economic development

A Profile of Immigrants in Arkansas

Discusses key demographic trends, economic factors, and public policy issues associated with immigrants in Arkansas, which has the fourth-fastest-growing immigrant population in the nation

The Concentration of Affluence in the United States, 1990

The author examines the concentration of affluent households in affluent neighborhoods in U.S. metropolitan areas in 1990. The rate of concentrated affluence, the percentage of affluent households living in affluent neighborhoods, is considered for the total population and separately for blacks and whites. Also, differences in the rate of concentrated affluence between blacks and whites are explored. Models of concentrated affluence that incorporate variables suggested by the literature on economic restructuring in the late twentieth century and by the literature on racial differences in the residential return to individual resources are developed and tested. In general, variables measuring industry/occupation employment mix influence the rate of concentrated affluence mainly through the levels of income they generate. Racial differences in the rate of concentrated affluence are influenced more by income differences between blacks and whites than by residential segregation.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Role of Conserved Non-Coding Regulatory Elements in LMW Glutenin Gene Expression

Transcriptional regulation of LMW glutenin genes were investigated in-silico, using publicly available gene sequences and expression data. Genes were grouped into different LMW glutenin types and their promoter profiles were determined using cis-acting regulatory elements databases and published results. The various cis-acting elements belong to some conserved non-coding regulatory regions (CREs) and might act in two different ways. There are elements, such as GCN4 motifs found in the long endosperm box that could serve as key factors in tissue-specific expression. Some other elements, such as the AACA/TA motifs or the individual prolamin box variants, might modulate the level of expression. Based on the promoter sequences and expression characteristic LMW glutenin genes might be transcribed following two different mechanisms. Most of the s- and i-type genes show a continuously increasing expression pattern. The m-type genes, however, demonstrate normal distribution in their expression profiles. Differences observed in their expression could be related to the differences found in their promoter sequences. Polymorphisms in the number and combination of cis-acting elements in their promoter regions can be of crucial importance in the diverse levels of production of single LMW glutenin gene types