Systematics of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae): Seed Coat Morphology of Lemmonia californica ajd Nama Species allies with Nama demissum

Seed coat morphology of Lemmonia californica. long held to be a relative of Nama, was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Its seed coat exhibits reticulum cells with undulate cell walls and columnar radial wall thickenings. Seed coat structure in nine species of Nama, N. demissum, N. aretioides, N. densum, N. parviflorumm, N. pusillum, N. depressum, N. dichotomum, N. sericeum and N. origanifolium, members forming one of six seed groups in Nama, also exhibit reticulum cells with undulate walls and columnar wall thickenings. The Nama species and Lemmonia are remarkably similar in testa organization, suggesting that the relationship of the two may well be closer than the generic status accorded Lemmonia would indicate

Systematics of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae)

Lemmonia has been maintained as a monotypic genus, despite the fact that it is morphologically very similar to several species of Nama. The major basis for this separation resides in the reportedly coalescent filament bases of Lemmonia as contrasted with the distinct filaments of Nama. Examination of corollas of Lemmonia with the scanning electron microscope has revealed that the filaments of the taxon are distinct. There is, then, no qualitative basis upon which to found Lemmonia, and the taxon is transferred to Nama

A CONJOINT ANALYSIS OF PAPER DEMAND BY COMMERCIAL GRAPHIC DESIGNERS

Conjoint analysis was used to evaluate the preferences of graphic designers toward kenaf paper. Results indicate that price is of overwhelming importance to designers in their purchasing decisions regarding paper stock. If priced competitively with existing wood and recycled papers, kenaf products should gain market share among designers.Demand and Price Analysis,

AN ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR DELAWARE FARMER DIRECT MARKETS

Consumer/Household Economics,

A Preliminary Ecological Study of Areas to be Impounded in the Salt River Basin of Kentucky

This report includes work that is an extension of Project No. B-005-KY as reported in Research Report No. 43 of the University of Kentucky Water Resources Institute. That project was initiated in April 1968 as Project No. A-019-KY with principal emphasis on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the main stem of the Salt River upstream from the proposed damsite for Taylorsville Lake, an impoundment of about 3, 600 acres at seasonal pool. The report includes descriptions of an additional 13 stations along the stream, bringing to 38 the number of permanent collecting sites. Values for dissolved oxygen ranged from 60% to 120% of saturation, turbidities ranged from 5 to 650 pp, SiO2, total alkalinities ranged from 130 to 220 ppm as CaCO3, pH from 6. 8 to 8. 4, and total dissolved solids ranged from 40 to 160 mg/1. Conductivity ranged from 100 to 350 micromhos, nitrate nitrogen from 0.1 to 9.9 mg/1, and orthophosphate from 0.2 to 2.9 mg/1. Iron and manganese were consistently present in low quantities. Estimates of standing crop of bottom organisms range from 0 on the bare limestone bottom to more than 275 pounds per acre in more suitable areas. The profusion and species diversity of bottom organisms indicate a healthy stream. More than 50 species of fishes have been collected and the standing crop of those vertebrates ranged from 4.7 to 217.8 pounds per acre. More than 100 species of birds have been identified in the area along with many species of reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. Average land values in the area surrounding the proposed lake site have not increased more rapidly nor to a greater extent than comparable lands some distance from the site. The lands with the highest values are those nearest the large centers of population

Self-consistent non-Markovian theory of a quantum state evolution for quantum information processing

It is shown that the operator sum representation for non-Markovian dynamics and the Lindblad master equation in Markovian limit can be derived from a formal solution to quantum Liouville equation for a qubit system in the presence of decoherence processes self-consistently. Our formulation is the first principle theory based on projection-operator formalism to obtain an exact reduced density operator in time-convolutionless form starting from the quantum Liouville equation for a noisy quantum computer. The advantage of our approach is that it is general enough to describe a realistic quantum computer in the presence of decoherence provided details of the Hamiltonians are known.Comment: 5page

Optically-passive spirals: The missing link in gradual star formation suppression upon cluster infall

Galaxies migrate from the blue cloud to the red sequence when their star formation is quenched. Here, we report on galaxies quenched by environmental effects and not by mergers or strong AGN as often invoked: They form stars at a reduced rate which is optically even less conspicuous, and manifest a transition population of blue spirals evolving into S0 galaxies. These 'optically passive' or 'red spirals' are found in large numbers in the STAGES project (and by Galaxy Zoo) in the infall region of clusters and groups.Comment: Proceedings of "The Starburst-AGN connection" conference held in Shanghai, Oct 27-31, 200

Obscured star formation in intermediate-density environments:A Spitzer study of the Abell 901/902 supercluster

We explore the amount of obscured star formation as a function of environment in the Abell 901/902 (A901/902) supercluster at z = 0.165 in conjunction with a field sample drawn from the A901 and CDFS fields, imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Space Telescope A901/902 Galaxy Evolution Survey and Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) Survey. We combine the combo-17 near-UV/optical SED with Spitzer 24 mu m photometry to estimate both the unobscured and obscured star formation in galaxies with M-* > 10(10) M-circle dot. We find that the star formation activity in massive galaxies is suppressed in dense environments, in agreement with previous studies. Yet, nearly 40% of the star-forming (SF) galaxies have red optical colors at intermediate and high densities. These red systems are not starbursting; they have star formation rates (SFRs) per unit stellar mass similar to or lower than blue SF galaxies. More than half of the red SF galaxies have low infrared-to-ultraviolet (IR-to-UV) luminosity ratios, relatively high Sersicindices, and they are equally abundant at all densities. They might be gradually quenching their star formation, possibly but not necessarily under the influence of gas-removing environmental processes. The other greater than or similar to 40% of the red SF galaxies have high IR-to-UV luminosity ratios, indicative of high dust obscuration. They have relatively high specific SFRs and are more abundant at intermediate densities. Our results indicate that while there is an overall suppression in the SF galaxy fraction with density, the small amount of star formation surviving the cluster environment is to a large extent obscured, suggesting that environmental interactions trigger a phase of obscured star formation, before complete quenching

Policy Feedback and the Politics of the Affordable Care Act

There is a large body of literature devoted to how “policies create politics” and how feedback effects from existing policy legacies shape potential reforms in a particular area. Although much of this literature focuses on self‐reinforcing feedback effects that increase support for existing policies over time, Kent Weaver and his colleagues have recently drawn our attention to self‐undermining effects that can gradually weaken support for such policies. The following contribution explores both self‐reinforcing and self‐undermining policy feedback in relationship to the Affordable Care Act, the most important health‐care reform enacted in the United States since the mid‐1960s. More specifically, the paper draws on the concept of policy feedback to reflect on the political fate of the ACA since its adoption in 2010. We argue that, due in part to its sheer complexity and fragmentation, the ACA generates both self‐reinforcing and self‐undermining feedback effects that, depending of the aspect of the legislation at hand, can either facilitate or impede conservative retrenchment and restructuring. Simultaneously, through a discussion of partisan effects that shape Republican behavior in Congress, we acknowledge the limits of policy feedback in the explanation of policy stability and change