19,314 research outputs found
Block-Structured Supermarket Models
Supermarket models are a class of parallel queueing networks with an adaptive
control scheme that play a key role in the study of resource management of,
such as, computer networks, manufacturing systems and transportation networks.
When the arrival processes are non-Poisson and the service times are
non-exponential, analysis of such a supermarket model is always limited,
interesting, and challenging.
This paper describes a supermarket model with non-Poisson inputs: Markovian
Arrival Processes (MAPs) and with non-exponential service times: Phase-type
(PH) distributions, and provides a generalized matrix-analytic method which is
first combined with the operator semigroup and the mean-field limit. When
discussing such a more general supermarket model, this paper makes some new
results and advances as follows: (1) Providing a detailed probability analysis
for setting up an infinite-dimensional system of differential vector equations
satisfied by the expected fraction vector, where "the invariance of environment
factors" is given as an important result. (2) Introducing the phase-type
structure to the operator semigroup and to the mean-field limit, and a
Lipschitz condition can be obtained by means of a unified matrix-differential
algorithm. (3) The matrix-analytic method is used to compute the fixed point
which leads to performance computation of this system. Finally, we use some
numerical examples to illustrate how the performance measures of this
supermarket model depend on the non-Poisson inputs and on the non-exponential
service times. Thus the results of this paper give new highlight on
understanding influence of non-Poisson inputs and of non-exponential service
times on performance measures of more general supermarket models.Comment: 65 pages; 7 figure
A Matrix-Analytic Solution for Randomized Load Balancing Models with Phase-Type Service Times
In this paper, we provide a matrix-analytic solution for randomized load
balancing models (also known as \emph{supermarket models}) with phase-type (PH)
service times. Generalizing the service times to the phase-type distribution
makes the analysis of the supermarket models more difficult and challenging
than that of the exponential service time case which has been extensively
discussed in the literature. We first describe the supermarket model as a
system of differential vector equations, and provide a doubly exponential
solution to the fixed point of the system of differential vector equations.
Then we analyze the exponential convergence of the current location of the
supermarket model to its fixed point. Finally, we present numerical examples to
illustrate our approach and show its effectiveness in analyzing the randomized
load balancing schemes with non-exponential service requirements.Comment: 24 page
Stochastic Modeling of Hybrid Cache Systems
In recent years, there is an increasing demand of big memory systems so to
perform large scale data analytics. Since DRAM memories are expensive, some
researchers are suggesting to use other memory systems such as non-volatile
memory (NVM) technology to build large-memory computing systems. However,
whether the NVM technology can be a viable alternative (either economically and
technically) to DRAM remains an open question. To answer this question, it is
important to consider how to design a memory system from a "system
perspective", that is, incorporating different performance characteristics and
price ratios from hybrid memory devices.
This paper presents an analytical model of a "hybrid page cache system" so to
understand the diverse design space and performance impact of a hybrid cache
system. We consider (1) various architectural choices, (2) design strategies,
and (3) configuration of different memory devices. Using this model, we provide
guidelines on how to design hybrid page cache to reach a good trade-off between
high system throughput (in I/O per sec or IOPS) and fast cache reactivity which
is defined by the time to fill the cache. We also show how one can configure
the DRAM capacity and NVM capacity under a fixed budget. We pick PCM as an
example for NVM and conduct numerical analysis. Our analysis indicates that
incorporating PCM in a page cache system significantly improves the system
performance, and it also shows larger benefit to allocate more PCM in page
cache in some cases. Besides, for the common setting of performance-price ratio
of PCM, "flat architecture" offers as a better choice, but "layered
architecture" outperforms if PCM write performance can be significantly
improved in the future.Comment: 14 pages; mascots 201
On Modeling Clustering Indexes of BT-Like Systems
Abstract—In this paper, we explore the “clustering ” phenomenon in BT-like systems. A high clustering implies peers have a high tendency to exchange information with peers of the similar bandwidth type. We first show the clustering does exist in BT-like systems. Although high clustering is desirable for file sharing application, it may not be appropriate for multimedia streaming applications. We provide analytical models to calculate the clustering index and illustrate how one can control the clustering index for different P2P applications. I
Dynamic Quantum Group Key Agreement via Tree Key Graphs
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are essential to guarantee
information-theoretic security in quantum communication. Although there was
some previous work on quantum group key distribution, they still face many
challenges under a ``\textit{dynamic}'' group communication scenario. In
particular, when the group keys need to be updated in real-time for each user
joining or leaving to ensure secure communication properties, i.e., forward
confidentiality and backward confidentiality. However, current protocols
require a large amount of quantum resources to update the group keys, and this
makes them impractical for handling large and dynamic communication groups. In
this paper, we apply the notion of ``{\em tree key graph}'' to the quantum key
agreement and propose two dynamic Quantum Group Key Agreement (QGKA) protocols
for a join or leave request in group communications. In addition, we analyze
the quantum resource consumption of our proposed protocols. The number of
qubits required per join or leave only increases logarithmically with the group
size. As a result, our proposed protocols are more practical and scalable for
large and dynamic quantum group communications.Comment: 12 pages,11 figures, conferenc
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