Inefficiency in Delivery of General Surgery to Black Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Study

Background Racial disparities in outcomes among patients in the United States are widely recognized, but disparities in treatment are less commonly understood. This study is intended to identify treatment disparities in delivery of surgery and time to surgery for diagnoses managed by general surgeons—appendicitis, cholecystitis, gallstone pancreatitis, abdominal wall hernias, intestinal obstructions, and viscus perforations

Ethical Care of the Traumatized: Conceptual Introduction to Trauma-Informed Care for Surgeons and Surgical Residents

Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a set of principles and practices designed to improve the ways professionals treat people who have been traumatized. This study reviews fundamental concepts of TIC and applies them to the work of surgeons. TIC is described in relation to fundamental medical ethical concepts, and evidence for TIC-based intervention is reviewed. Implementation of TIC in medical education is also described, and recommendations for practice changes are made