What is the relationship between validated frailty scores and mortality for adults with COVID-19 in acute hospital care? A systematic review.

Background & aimThe aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between frailty and COVID-19 in relation to mortality in hospitalised patients.MethodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science and the grey literature were searched for papers from inception to 10th September 2020; the search was re-run in Medline up until the 9th December 2020. Screening, data extraction and quality grading were undertaken by two reviewers. Results were summarised using descriptive statistics, including a meta-analysis of overall mortality; the relationships between frailty and COVID-19 mortality were summarised narratively.Results2,286 papers were screened resulting in 26 being included in the review. Most studies were from Europe, half from the UK, and one from Brazil; the median sample size was 242.5, median age 73.1 and 43.5% were female. 22/26 used the Clinical Frailty Scale; reported mortality ranged from 14 to 65%. Most, but not all studies showed an association between increasing frailty and a greater risk of dying. Two studies indicated a sub-additive relationship between frailty, COVID-19 and death, and two studies showed no association.ConclusionsWhilst the majority of studies have shown a positive association between COVID-19 related death and increasing frailty, some studies suggested a more nuanced understanding of frailty and outcomes in COVID-19 is needed. Clinicians should exert caution in placing too much emphasis on the influence of frailty alone when discussing likely prognosis in older people with COVID-19 illness

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of MSM HIV testing following an online testing intervention in China

Study layout. (PDF 170 kb

Factors associated with Poppers use among Chinese MSM, 2014 (N = 1424).

<p>Factors associated with Poppers use among Chinese MSM, 2014 (N = 1424).</p

Higher Prevalence of Sexual Transmitted Diseases and Correlates of Genital Warts among Heterosexual Males Attending Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinics (MSCs) in Jiangmen, China: Implication for the Up-Taking of STD Related Service

<div><p>Background</p><p>Increasing burden of STDs is one of China’s major public health concerns. However, only a limited number of studies have ever investigated the prevalence of these STDs, particular for genital warts and its correlates among heterosexual males attending STD clinics in China. In order to fill this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study among MSCs in Jiangmen, China, between the years of 2009 and 2010.</p><p>Method</p><p>The eligible participants were recruited from several STD-clinics in public hospitals. We collected demographic information and behaviors of the participants. After HIV and syphilis testing, we further checked whether the participants had genital warts and genital herpes. In addition, urine samples were collected from part of the participants for CT and NG testing.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 533 eligible participants, over three-fifths were aged 35 or below, nearly three quarters had no college degree, over three-fifths were residence of Jiangmen. The prevalence of HIV, syphilis, genital warts, genital herpes, CT and NG were 0.19%, 7.50%, 7.32%, 5.25%, 9.73% and 6.19%, respectively. Living with family members (versus living alone), no STD-related service in past year, experiencing STDs related symptoms in past year, and sex with FSWs in last three months were positively associated with genital warts, with adjusted ORs of 5.54 (95% CI 1.94–15.81), 2.26 (95% CI 1.08–4.74), 1.99 (95% CI 1.00–3.99) and 2.01 (95% CI 1.00–4.04), respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our study indicates that the prevalence of STDs among MSCs in Jiangmen was high, which may further spread HIV among MSCs. Targeted interventions that focused on STDs related services uptake should be implemented urgently.</p></div

Socio-demographic and STDs risky behaviors of among heterosexual males attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Jiangmen, China, 2009 (N = 533).

<p>Socio-demographic and STDs risky behaviors of among heterosexual males attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Jiangmen, China, 2009 (N = 533).</p

Prevalence of STDs among heterosexual males attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Jiangmen, China, 2009 (N = 533).

<p>Prevalence of STDs among heterosexual males attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Jiangmen, China, 2009 (N = 533).</p

Prevalence of STDs among heterosexual males attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Jiangmen, China, 2009 (N = 533).

<p>Note: *226 participants were tested for CT and NG</p><p>Prevalence of STDs among heterosexual males attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Jiangmen, China, 2009 (N = 533).</p