14,769 research outputs found
Origin of Mass. Mass and Mass-Energy Equation from Classical-Mechanics Solution
We establish the classical wave equation for a particle formed of a massless
oscillatory elementary charge generally also traveling, and the resulting
electromagnetic waves, of a generally Doppler-effected angular frequency \w,
in the vacuum in three dimensions. We obtain from the solutions the total
energy of the particle wave to be \eng=\hbarc\w, 2\pi \hbarc being a
function expressed in wave-medium parameters and identifiable as the Planck
constant. In respect to the train of the waves as a whole traveling at the
finite velocity of light , \eng=mc^2 represents thereby the translational
kinetic energy of the wavetrain, m=\hbarc\w/c^2 being its inertial mass and
thereby the inertial mass of the particle. Based on the solutions we also write
down a set of semi-empirical equations for the particle's de Broglie wave
parameters. From the standpoint of overall modern experimental indications we
comment on the origin of mass implied by the solution.Comment: 13 pages, no figure. Augmented introductio
Scattering of coherent states on a single artificial atom
In this work we theoretically analyze a circuit QED design where propagating
quantum microwaves interact with a single artificial atom, a single Cooper pair
box. In particular, we derive a master equation in the so-called transmon
regime, including coherent drives. Inspired by recent experiments, we then
apply the master equation to describe the dynamics in both a two-level and a
three-level approximation of the atom. In the two-level case, we also discuss
how to measure photon antibunching in the reflected field and how it is
affected by finite temperature and finite detection bandwidth.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Coherent current transport in wide ballistic Josephson junctions
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of coherent current
transport in wide ballistic superconductor-two dimensional electron
gas-superconductor junctions. It is found experimentally that upon increasing
the junction length, the subharmonic gap structure in the current-voltage
characteristics is shifted to lower voltages, and the excess current at
voltages much larger than the superconducting gap decreases. Applying a theory
of coherent multiple Andreev reflection, we show that these observations can be
explained in terms of transport through Andreev resonances.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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