310 research outputs found

    Subjective Measures of Economic Well-Being and the Influence of Income Uncertainty

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    This paper provides evidence that subjective measures of individual well being can be used to study the impact of income uncertainty from an ex ante point of view. Two different measures of subjective well being are under study: Satisfaction with household income and the income evaluation question as developed by Van Praag. It can be shown that satisfaction with income is more affected by ex ante than by ex post volatility of income. The ordinal version of the Van Praag approach might be biased if income uncertainty is essential. The paper was written in 1994.income uncertainty, subjective well-being, satisfaction, income evaluation

    What (If Anything) Do Satisfaction Scores Tell Us about the Intertemporal Change in Living Conditions

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    This paper looks at the information content of satisfaction scores. It is argued that the information content depends on the extent to which people adapt to living conditions in general. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), the estimation of a dynamic panel data model provides evidence that adaptation takes place within a relatively short window of time: changes in living conditions are, for the most part, absorbed by an adjustment of the adaptation level within one year. This leads to the conclusion that the information content of satisfaction scores accentuates recent changes in living conditions. Remote changes are notcaptured by the according survey questions, even if these changes have long-term impact on living conditions. The usefulness of satisfaction scores as an indicator of people's living conditions is discussed.adaptation, dynamic panel data model, subjective well-being, satisfaction

    What can happiness research tell us about altruism? Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel

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    Much progress has been made in recent years on developing and applying a direct measure of utility using survey questions on subjective well-being. In this paper we explore whether this new type of measurement can be fruitfully applied to the study of interdependent utility in general, and altruism between parents and adult children who moved away from home in particular. We introduce an appropriate econometric methodology and, using data from the German SocioEconomic Panel for the years 2000-2004, find that the parents’ self-reported happiness depends positively on the happiness of their adult children. A one standard deviation move in the child’s happiness has the same effect as a 45 percent move in household income.utility interdependence, sympathy, extended family, fixed effects

    What Can Happiness Research Tell Us about Altruism?: Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel

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    Much progress has been made in recent years on developing and applying a direct measure of utility using survey questions on subjective well-being. In this paper we explore whether this new type of measurement can be fruitfully applied to the study of interdependent utility in general, and altruism between parents and children in particular. We introduce an appropriate econometric methodology and, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the years 2000 - 2002, find that the parents' self-reported happiness depends positively, albeit not very strongly, on the happiness of adult children who moved out.Utility function; Extended family; Fixed effects; Ordered probit

    Are People Inequality Averse, and Do They Prefer Redistribution by the State?: Evidence from German Longitudinal Data on Life Satisfaction

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    We link life-satisfaction data to inequality of the pre-government income distribution at the regional level, to estimate the degree of inequality aversion. In addition, we investigate whether a reduction in inequality by the state increases individual well-being. We find that Germans are inequality averse over the entire income distribution. However, inequality reduction by the state does not increase well-being. On the contrary, inequality reduction places something of an excess burden on middle-income earners. The paper uses data from the German Socio-economic Panel Study (GSOEP) from 1985 to 1998.Inequality aversion, redistribution, life satisfaction, panel data

    Is Posner Right? An Empirical Test of the Posner Argument for Transferring Health Spending from Old Women to Old Men

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    Posner (1995) proposes the redistribution of health spending from old women to old men to equalize life expectancy. His argument is based on the assumption that the woman's utility is higher if her husband is alive. Using self-reported satisfaction measures from a long-running German panel survey, the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), the present study conducts an empirical test of this assumption. Our matching-based estimation reveals satisfaction trajectories of women who experience the death of their spouse and identifies the causal effect of widowhood. The average level of satisfaction in a control group of non-widowed women serves as a reference to measure the degree of adaptation to widowhood. The results suggest bereavement has no enduring effect on satisfaction, and that is evidence against Posner's assumption.widowhood, adaptation, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, satisfaction with household income, propensity score matching

    Ausbildung und Einkommen von MĂ€nnern : EinkommensfunktionsschĂ€tzungen fĂŒr die ehemalige DDR und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland

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    "Wie lohnend war Ausbildung in der zentral geleiteten Volkswirtschaft der DDR und inwiefern sind Unterschiede zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland feststellbar? Dies sind die zentralen Fragen des Beitrags. FĂŒr beide ehemalige deutschen Staaten werden die Ergebnisse vergleichbarer EinkommensfunktionsschĂ€tzungen vorgestellt, die auf der Basis der Humankapitaltheorie entwickelt werden. Die SchĂ€tzungen beruhen auf der Einkommensstichprobe in Arbeiter- und Angestelltenhaushalten der DDR von 1988 und dem Sozio-ökonomischen Panel 1989 fĂŒr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse in KĂŒrze: - Es wird gezeigt, daß die geschĂ€tzte Einkommensfunktion auch fĂŒr die DDR gĂŒltig war. - Indes sind signifikante Unterschiede zur frĂŒheren Bundesrepublik feststellbar. Die Ausbildungsrendite war mit 5,6% deutlich geringer als in der Bundesrepublik mit 8%. - Der SchĂ€tzansatz vermag nur etwa ein Drittel der gesamten Einkommensvarianz in der DDR zu erklĂ€ren. Dies erfordert weitergehende Analysen des Lohnbildungsprozesses in planwirtschaftlichen Systemen." (Autorenreferat)erwerbstĂ€tige MĂ€nner, Qualifikationsstruktur, Bruttoeinkommen, Bildungsertrag, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, DDR

    Die Reform der geringfĂŒgigen BeschĂ€ftigung und das Arbeitsangebot verheirateter Frauen

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    The exception of marginal employment from paying social security contributions and income taxes has certain incentives on labor supply and labor demand. Changing these rules - as discussed for Germany - would change the behavior of the labor market agents. This paper presents an econometric labor supply model for married women where the rules for marginal employment are explicitely analyzed. The model serves as a base to simulate certain reform strategies for marginal employment. As a result marginal employment would decrease significantly and most of the former marginal employed women would leave the labor market whereas some others would prefer more hours to work. Thus, "voluntary" unemployment would increase. Die Regelungen zur geringfĂŒgigen BeschĂ€ftigung haben spezifische Anreizwirkungen auf Arbeitsangebot und Arbeitsnachfrage und bei Reformen der Regelungen ist mit entsprechenden Reaktionen der Arbeitsmarktakteure zu rechnen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschĂ€ftigt sich mit den zu erwartenden Reaktionen der verheirateten Frauen. Ausgehend von einem mikroökonometrischen Modell des Arbeitsangebots werden die Abschaffung der Versicherungsfreiheit und die der pauschalen Besteuerung simuliert. Es zeigt sich, daß das Arbeitsangebot im Stundenbereich der geringfĂŒgigen BeschĂ€ftigung deutlich zurĂŒckgehen wĂŒrde. Ein Großteil der verheirateten Frauen wĂŒrde sich ganz vom Arbeitsmarkt zurĂŒckziehen, ein anderer Teil ArbeitsplĂ€tze mit einem grĂ¶ĂŸeren Stundenumfang prĂ€ferieren. Ingesamt wĂŒrde sich damit die "freiwillige" Arbeitslosigkeit erhöhen.

    GeringfĂŒgige BeschĂ€ftigung in der Erwerbsstatistik : Anmerkungen zur Änderung des Leitfragenkonzeptes im Mikrozensus und Ergebnisse des Sozioökonomischen Panels fĂŒr 1990

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    "Das Statistische Bundesamt hat 1990 den Mikrozensus um eine Frage nach geringfĂŒgiger BeschĂ€ftigung ergĂ€nzt und damit die statistische Erfassung dieser BeschĂ€ftigungsform wesentlich verbessert. Im Vergleich zu frĂŒheren Jahren wurden nahezu doppelt so viele, nĂ€mlich 1,13 Millionen geringfĂŒgig beschĂ€ftigte Personen gezĂ€hlt. Ein erweitertes Konzept auf Basis des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigt aber, daß die 'statistische LĂŒcke' geringfĂŒgige BeschĂ€ftigung damit noch nicht geschlossen ist. Der bezĂŒglich der subjektiven EinschĂ€tzung als 'erwerbstĂ€tig' sensibelste Bereich wird durch den Mikrozensus unvollstĂ€ndig erfaßt. FĂŒr 1990 wird mit dem SOEP eine Anzahl von 2,3 Millionen geringfĂŒgig BeschĂ€ftigter ermittelt, das sind 450 Tausend BeschĂ€ftigte mehr als 1988. Der Beitrag geht auch kurz auf die sozialpolitischen Implikationen dieser Befunde ein. Dabei wird deutlich, daß fĂŒr die sozialpolitische Bewertung Imformationen aus Verlaufsanalysen unverzichtbar sind. Dazu werden erste Ergebnisse vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat)Erwerbsstatistik, geringfĂŒgige BeschĂ€ftigung, Mikrozensus, Sozioökonomisches Panel, Erhebungsmethode, NebentĂ€tigkeit
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