Capital flight, saving rate and the golden rule level of capital: policy recommendations for Latin America countries

This paper seeks to analyse the determinants of capital flight in selected Latin American countries throughout the 1990s, and gives some insights into what economic policies would be adequate under capital flight conditions. Finding, empirically, the saving rate to be a new determinant of capital flight, this paper discusses whether or not achieving the golden rule level of capital would be desirable and what source of government revenue (direct or indirect taxation) would be appropriate under those conditions

On the differential impact of monetary policy across states/territories and its determinants in Australia: Evidence and new methodology from a small open economy

Monetary shocks largely affect economic activity in Western Australia. In smaller proportion, those shocks generate contractions in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, while economic activity in Queensland is significantly less affected. Finally, we develop a new approach to uncover the determinants of the differential state/territory responses to monetary shocks. Our estimation validates the theoretical assumptions that differences in industrial composition, exposure to international trade and household debt across states/territories are important determinants of these differences

Modelling asymmetric consumer demand response: Evidence from scanner data

We used scanner data to test whether two competitive commodities respond symmetrically by volume to price changes. Our results indicate that consumers of the most expensive good (Coca-Cola) respond quite symmetrically when prices go either up or down. In contrast, consumers of the less expensive good (Pepsi-Cola) respond quite asymmetrically. We also introduce the substitution effect in ARDL asymmetric modelling as scanner data permits, showing that most previous asymmetric models using this technique experience omitted variables since this parameter is excluded

Trade Uncertainty and Income Inequality

This paper examines the relationship between trade uncertainty and income inequality. In countries where only a small share of the population is educated, an increase in trade uncertainty is associated with a significant increase in income inequality. As education of the population increases the relationship between trade uncertainty and income inequality becomes more muted. Trade uncertainty has no significant effect on income inequality in countries that are world leaders in education. Developing countries that want to reduce income inequality arising from trade uncertainty should therefore consider further improving their education system

Oil prices and the economy: A global perspective

This paper investigates the relationship between oil prices and the global economy. In modelling this relationship, a new approach is proposed in which we introduce the use of a factor error correction model to compress data from the largest developed and developing economies. An important feature of this model is that at global level, we find that global money, output and prices are cointegrated, which is supportive of the quantity theory of money. Positive innovation in global oil price is connected with global interest rate tightening. Positive innovation in global money, CPI and outputs is connected with an increase in oil prices while positive innovations in global interest rate are associated with a decline in oil prices. The US, Euro area and China variables are the main drivers of global factor

Chinese monetary expansion and the U.S. economy: A note‎

This paper examines the influence of monetary shocks in China on the U.S. economy over ‎‎1996-2012. The influence on the U.S. is through the sheer scale of China’s growth through ‎effects in demand for imports, particularly that of commodities. China’s growth influences ‎world commodity/oil prices and this is reflected in significantly higher inflation in the U.S. ‎China’s monetary expansion is also associated with significant decreases in the trade ‎weighted value of the U.S. dollar that is due to the operation of a pegged currency. China ‎manages the exchange rate and has extensive capital controls in place. In terms of the ‎Mundell–Fleming model, with imperfect capital mobility, sterilization actions under a ‎managed exchange rate permit China to pursue an independent monetary policy with ‎consequences for the U.S.