Additional file 1: of Carrion’s disease: an eradicable illness?

Multilingual abstract in the six official working languages of the United Nations. (PDF 226 kb

<i>B</i>. <i>bacilliformis</i> transmission routes.

<p>¹ Humans are the only known reservoir. ² Despite a report by Noguchi et al [<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005863#ppat.1005863.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>], no confirmatory result has been published.</p

Main facts on Carrion's disease.

<p>Main facts on Carrion's disease.</p

Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) information of Oroya Fever samples.

<p>Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) information of Oroya Fever samples.</p

Phylogenetic tree of all the Sequence Types of <i>B</i>. <i>bacilliformis</i> as constructed an UPGMA cluster analysis with Bootstrap method.

<p>Phylogenetic tree of all the Sequence Types of <i>B</i>. <i>bacilliformis</i> as constructed an UPGMA cluster analysis with Bootstrap method.</p

Map of the geographical distribution of Carrion’s disease in Peru with the distribution of the SequenceTypes location.

<p>Map of the geographical distribution of Carrion’s disease in Peru with the distribution of the SequenceTypes location.</p

General information on the <i>B</i>. <i>bacilliformis</i> strains included in the study.

General information on the B. bacilliformis strains included in the study.</p

Single nucleotide variations shown across all three sequenced regions (<i>ialB</i>, <i>gltA</i> and <i>rpoB</i>).

Single nucleotide variations shown across all three sequenced regions (ialB, gltA and rpoB).</p

Genomes retrieved from GenBank.

Bartonella bacilliformis is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium and the known causal agent of Carrion’s disease, still considered a neglected disease. There is limited information about the nucleotide sequences of this bacterium in international databases, and few studies have addressed the genetic diversity of B. bacilliformis. We analyzed a total of 20 isolates of B. bacilliformis from the Peruvian regions of Ancash and Cajamarca. Three genes (ialB, gltA, and rpoB) were sequenced in each isolate and nucleotide sequences retrieved from GenBank (16 B. bacilliformis genomes) were also included in the study. All this information was merged in order to obtain clearer evidence of the phylogenetic relationships of B. bacilliformis. In the phylogenetic analysis conducted with the concatenated markers, four isolates (B.b-1, B. b-3, B. b- 7, B.b-8) from the Ancash region were observed to form a subgroup different from B. bacilliformis type strain KC583, showing dissimilarity levels of 5.96% (ialB), 3.69% (gltA) and 3.04% (rpoB). Our results suggest that B. bacilliformis consists of two different subgroups. Future investigations are needed to establish the taxonomic status of these subgroups.</div

Predicted amino acid substitutions in <i>B</i>. <i>bacilliformis</i> presenting DNA differences compared to the <i>B</i>. <i>bacilliformis</i> reference strain KC583 (ATCC35685).

Predicted amino acid substitutions in B. bacilliformis presenting DNA differences compared to the B. bacilliformis reference strain KC583 (ATCC35685).</p