Brazilian productive structure and CO2 emissions

This paper analyzes the relation between economic performance and CO2 emissions in Brazil, in the year 2004. The contribution of the productive sectors to total emission is established, taking into account the technological structure of the economy, the interrelations among sectors, the sectoral capacity of generating value-added and the participation of final demand in the national sectors. For this purpose, an input-output model is used to analyze the impact of income generation and final demand on the emissions. This approach allows one to study the impacts caused by sectoral mitigation policies. The main results show that, both from a production and a demand perspective, the same key productive sectors stand out, especially the Transport sector.Environmental Economics; CO2; Brazil; Productive Structure; Input-Output

Tertiary activities and informality: quantitative importance and interconnections within the economy in Brazil

This paper studies the importance of the Tertiary sector and the informal sector for the Brazilian economy, making an interconnection between them and with them and the rest of the economy and the formal sector. To do so, this work makes use of the data presented in the System of National Accounts and the National Survey of Households (PNAD), both from IBGE, and the Leontief model. The results show: a) the importance of the Tertiary sector for the Brazilian economy in terms of employment (around 61% of the occupied persons), and income generation (around 67% of the economy Value Added); b) the high share of the informal sector in the Brazilian economy (around 58% of the occupied persons and 34% of the income); c) the combination of these factors results in an economy with low wages and salaries and with an high concentration of income; and d) that the present productive structure of the Brazilian economy contributes to the concentration of income in the country.Tertiary Activities; Informality; Input-Output; Employment

Employment and familiar agriculture agribusiness in the Brazilian economy: an interregional Leontief-Miyazawa model approach

The agricultural sector has great importance in the socio-economic development. Its development throughout history has enabled the emergence of other activities and therefore new jobs. Furthermore, the importance of the agribusiness can be evidence for its share of about 30% in the total Brazilian GDP and its importance in generating jobs. To study this sector in more detail, the agricultural sector was broken down into two sectors: Familiar and Non-Familiar Agriculture Agribusiness. The goal of this paper is to study how the productive structure and the income distribution in the Brazilian economy have had an impact over employment generation and income sectors in the Familiar and Non-Familiar Agriculture Agribusiness in 2002. This paper uses as a theoretical basis the Leontief-Miyazawa approach considering the differences between sectors and the 27 Brazilian statesEmployment, Leontief-Miyazawa, familiar and agribusiness agriculture

Ecological payback in national energy matrix: analysis of wind energy expansion

Sustainable development concern has become subject of recurrent discussions over the last years due to the duet large greenhouse gases emissions and world growth, especially in developing countries. Electrical sector is one of the major segments responsible for greenhouse gases emissions, but also the one in which modern society depends the most for life standard maintenance, economic and social activities. A renewable source considered in Brazilian energy sector expansion is wind power, which has a 143 GW potential. As such, the paper aims to estimate environmental impacts (CO2 emission) involved in wind power plants construction phase and return time for compensating these emissions during operation. Ecological payback is developed through CO2 emission analysis of different energy sectors required as inputs in construction and final emission reduction due to this “clean” power plant operation in national electrical matrix. Estimation of economic and environmental impacts is based on input-output methodology, using a 2004 matrix for Brazilian economy. Results point out for a maximum payback period of 4 months in worst case scenario, and major pollution contribution of Steel and Products Manufacturing during construction.Input-Output; Environmental Sustainability; Energy Economics; Wind Energy

Ecological payback in Brazil energy matrix: analysis of a wind energy expansion

Sustainable development concern has become subject of recurrent discussions over the last years due to the duet large greenhouse gases emissions and world growth, especially in developing countries. Electrical sector is one of the major segments responsible for greenhouse gases emissions, but also the one in which modern society depends the most for life standard maintenance, economic and social activities. A renewable source considered in Brazilian energy sector expansion is wind power, which has a 143 GW potential. As such, the paper aims to estimate environmental impacts (CO2 emission) involved in wind power plants construction phase and return time for compensating these emissions during operation. Ecological payback is developed through CO2 emission analysis of different energy sectors required as inputs in construction and final emission reduction due to this “clean” power plant operation in national electrical matrix. Estimation of economic and environmental impacts is based on input-output methodology, using a 2004 matrix for Brazilian economy. Results point out for a maximum payback period of 4 months in worst case scenario, and major pollution contribution of Steel and Products Manufacturing during construction.Input-Output; Environmental Sustainability; Energy Economics; Wind Energy; Brazil

External trade in Brazil and its geographical regions: a test of the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem

The goal of this paper was to evaluate if the external trade relations, that take place in the Brazilian economy as a whole and in each one of its five macro regions, are in accordance of their relative abundance of factors of production, or if there is other reasons that explain the production location. In the tests conducted using the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem for the external trade of Brazil and its macro regions, with their principal partners in the international market, it was possible to verify that the theorem was valid for all the 30 relations of trade observed. Brazil and its macro regions have shown relative abundance of non-qualified labor in the trade with the more developed countries and relative abundance of qualified labor in the trade with less developed countries. The results for the intra-industry trade confirms the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem in 27 cases, the exceptions are found in the trade between: a) Brazil and Mercosur; b) Southeast region and Mercosur; and c) South region and Mercosur.Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. Input-Output, international trade.

China and Brazil Productive Structure and Economic Growth Compared: 1980’s to 2000’s

China and Brazil are two countries with continental dimensions, with differences in availability of natural resources, population sizes, and which have adopted different strategies of economic growth in the past. China has been following consistently a strategy of Export Led Growth (ELG), while Brazil, until the mid 1990s had a strategy based on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) with a relatively closed economy to the external market; however, recently Brazil has been switching to a more open economy, based on primary goods exports. In the mid 1980s the Gross National Income measured in US$ using purchasing power parity rates (GNI-PPP) of China and Brazil were at approximately the same level, but by the mid 2000s the GNI-PPP of China was around 4 times greater than Brazil’s. By looking at a series of input-output tables and their indicators, like multipliers and linkages, for China (1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007) and Brazil (1985, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007), we analyze, and compare the productive structures, and their changes over time, for these two countries. From the results, we are able to show the differences between these two countries and the results of the development strategies used by them.China, Brazil, Input-Output, Productive Structure, Economic Growth

Estrutura produtiva da economia brasileira, 1960-1985

Using the input output tables constructed for Brazil (1959, 1970, 1975, 1980) and the 1985 Brazilian industrial census, this paper has 2 basic goals: 1) to make a study of how the Brazilian economy changed in the period 1960-1985; 2) to make suggestions of how the Brazilian economy could return to its growth with equity

A experiência brasileira com modelos computáveis de equilíbrio geral

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