DEFINING, EVALUATING, AND IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF VERIFYING PATIENT IDENTIFIERS

Patient identification errors are a major cause of medication errors. During medication administration, failure to identify patients correctly can lead to patients receiving incorrect medications, perhaps resulting in adverse drug events and even death. Most medication error studies to date have focused on reporting patient misidentification statistics from case studies, on classifying types of patient identification errors, or on evaluating the impact of technology on the patient identification process, but few have proposed specific strategies or guidelines to decrease patient identification errors. This thesis aims to improve the verification of patient identifiers (VPI) process by making three key contributions to the patient identification literature. First, to better understand the VPI process, we extended and formalized the requirements for VPI based on the Joint Commission’s national patient safety guidelines. We showed the implications of these extended guidelines by applying them to artifacts typically used during medication administration (e.g., patient’s statements about their identity, patient’s identification band, medication label, and medication order). We found that nurses must choose from a considerable number of alternatives to comply with the extended guidelines. The alternatives vary depending on whether an artifact can be trusted prior to the start of the VPI process (from 16 to 8 for manual medication administration; from 8 to 1 for barcode medication administration), or what kind of information is encoded on the barcodes if the process involves barcode verification technology (from 3 to 1 when the ID band is initially considered a trusted artifact; from 8 to 3 when the ID band is not initially considered a trusted artifact). Second, we evaluated whether nurses complied with the extended VPI guidelines when administering medications, using data from clinical simulations. Nurses’ compliance with the extended guidelines was low under most conditions (2% - 5% for manual medication administration; 12% - 88% for barcode medication administration). Third, we hypothesized that compliance would improve if healthcare workers were trained to follow a specific sequence of actions for VPI during medication administration (termed definitive procedure-based training), rather than their current training. We evaluated nursing students’ compliance with the extended VPI guidelines using clinical simulation, with each student completing a simple task (administering one medication) and a complex task (administering two medications). We found that those students who received the definitive procedure-based training showed a significant increase in compliance on the simple task, but not on the complex task. Among the complying students, few of them followed the specific sequence of actions detailed in the definitive procedure-based training. Our findings suggest further study is needed to investigate more effective approaches for improving the VPI process, perhaps by better supporting individuals as they complete the process (e.g., appropriately designed technology) or by improving approaches to training

High detection efficiency scintillating fiber detector for time-resolved measurement of triton burnup 14 MeV neutron in deuterium plasma experiment

The behavior of the 1 MeV triton has been studied in order to understand the alpha particle confinement property in the deuterium operation of toroidal fusion devices. To obtain time evolution of the deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron emission rate where the secondary DT neutron emission rate is approximately 1012 n/s, we designed two high detection efficiency scintillating fiber (Sci-Fi) detectors: a 1 mm-diameter scintillation fiber-based detector Sci-Fi1 and a 2 mm-diameter scintillation fiber-based detector Sci-Fi2. The test in an accelerator-based neutron generator was performed. The result shows that the directionality of each detector is 15° and 25°, respectively. It is found that detection efficiency for DT neutrons is around 0.23 counts/n cm2 for the Sci-Fi1 detector and is around 1.0 counts/n cm2 for the Sci-Fi2 detector

Time dependent neutron emission rate analysis for neutral-beam-heated deuterium plasmas in a helical system and tokamaks

A neutron emission rate analysis code called FBURN, based on the classical energetic ion confinement assumption with radial diffusion, is developed for the time-dependent analysis of the total neutron emission rate (Sn) in neutral beam (NB) heated deuterium plasmas. The time trend of Sn evaluated by FBURN shows good agreement with the Sn measured by the neutron flux monitor on the deuterium operation of the Large Helical Device. The dependence of Sn on line-averaged electron density (ne_avg) has a peak at ne_avg of around 2.5 × 1019 m−3 in both experiment and calculation. Here, the absolute value of Sn evaluated by calculation agrees with that obtained in experiments within a factor of two. A time trend analysis of Sn in an electron cyclotron heated plasma with a short pulse NB injection is performed. The analysis shows that the diffusion coefficient of co-going transit beam ions is 0.2 to 0.3 m2 s−1. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of helically trapped beam ions decreases from 5 to 3 m2 s−1 with the inward shift of the magnetic axis position. Time-resolved analysis of the triton burnup experiment shows that the diffusion coefficient of tritons is around 0.15 m2 s−1. It is found that the diffusion coefficients of the beam and tritons are of a similar value as obtained in JT-60U. The trend of the triton burnup ratio on the ne_avg calculated by the FBURN agrees with the experiments. The results suggest that the decrease of the triton burnup ratio with the increase of ne_avg is due to the shorter slowing down time of tritons by the decrease of the electron temperature, and the increase of the triton burnup ratio with the increase of ne_avg is due to the diffusion of tritons. Time trend analysis of Sn in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research and the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak plasmas with a short pulse NB injection is performed. The time trend of Sn is successfully reproduced by FBURN

A Study on the effect of marketing using virtual mirror technology on customer satisfaction

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2021This study is to research how high-tech technologies provided by customers in offline and online businesses affect customer behavior in the 4th industrial revolution environment. In the purpose of this study is to study how virtual mirror technology, which is a virtual reality technology, affects customers'' expectation satisfaction and intention to use that rarely examined in previous studies. In this study, a research model was established based on sensory marketing theory. That is, based on the Stimulus, Organism, Response (S-O-R) model, the independent variable was set as the sensory stimulus of virtual reality technology and the emotional response according to the stimulus of the virtual reality technology, and the dependent variable was set as the behavioral response according to the sensory stimulus and emotional response. Specifically, the independent variables were the sensory stimulation and emotional response of virtual reality technology, and the user''s pleasure, perceived product quality, remote reality, interaction, and immersion were set. As the dependent variable, the user''s expected satisfaction and intention to use were set as behavioral responses. Based on this research model, a research hypothesis was established. In order to verify the research hypothesis established based on the research model, empirical research analysis was conducted. The subjects of the study were random sampling, which is a non-probability sampling method, and the subjects were easily accessible by the researcher and those who had experience in shopping malls were selected. 117 questionnaire results were collected for those who experienced online and offline shopping malls. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 22.0. As an analysis technique, frequency analysis is performed to organize general characteristic samples, reliability analysis is performed to test the reliability of each variable, and factor analysis is performed to verify the construct validity of each variable, and regression analysis was performed to find out the influence between the variables using the representative values of each variable that secured reliability and validity. Through this, we analyzed how virtual reality technology affects customer behavior. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the effect of sensory stimulation and emotional response of virtual reality technology on expected satisfaction, it was found that there was a positive influence in the order of i) immersion, ii) remote reality, and iii) sensory stimulation. Second, as a result of analyzing the effects of sensory stimulation and emotional response of virtual reality technology on intention to use, it was found that there was a positive influence in the order of i) pleasure, ii) immersion, and iii) product quality. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of virtual reality technology''s expected satisfaction on intention to use, it was found to have a (+) influence. Fourth, the independent variable that has a (+) effect on both the user''s expectation satisfaction and intention to use is the user''s emotional response variable, which is the degree of commitment. In other words, the degree of immersion affects the user''s expected satisfaction and intention to use. Fifth, the independent variable that does not have a positive effect on both user''s expectation satisfaction and intention to use is interaction as a user''s emotional response variable. That is, interaction does not have a positive effect on expectation satisfaction and intention to use. Considering the results of this analysis, the implications from a business management perspective are as follows. First, when using virtual reality technology, managers should continuously seek ways to increase customer satisfaction by stimulating the senses of buyers and improving the sense of remote reality and immersion. Second, the CEO should devise a way to induce customers'' interest, improve immersion through pleasure, and increase the intention to use the product by improving product quality. Third, empirical analysis showed that interaction did not affect expected satisfaction and intention to use. Virtual reality technology is used as a device to explain products in detail, and subscription inducement or mileage is used to improve access to shopping malls. It needs to be used side by side. The results of this study provides how to foster better relationship with customers by applying advanced technologies. In particular, adoption of technologies will help customers’ decision making processes both via online and offline and enhance satisfaction and loyalty that are critical aspects for Customer Relationship Management (CRM).I. Introduction II. Literature Review Ⅲ. Theoretical Background for Customer Satisfaction IV. Research Model and Hypotheses Development Ⅴ. Survey design and analysis VI. ConclusionmasterpublishedJunghee J

Development of a Safety Index to Identify Differences in Safety Performance by Postal Delivery Motorcyclists Based either in Different Regional Post Offices or within the Same Regional Office

Postal motorcyclists who regularly conduct deliveries are particularly vulnerable to road accidents since they are exposed to traffic throughout their work day. To reduce accident rates, safety officers in each of the local delivery offices alert postmen of any hazardous conditions that may be conducive to accidents. Although some commercial postal organizations already use tracking technologies (e.g., GPS), Korea Post currently has no systematic way to collect their postmen’s driving behavior except by referring to each postman’s manually recorded daily mileage. In light of this, we developed a safety index (SI) for quantifying and analyzing individual postal motorcyclists’ safety performance based on their driving behavior and work environment. Each postman’s work environment varies from post office to post office and postman to postman depending on delivery conditions. After creating a GPS based system that can be installed on personal digital assistants (PDAs) that are already used by postmen throughout their shifts, we conducted two phases of field tests during a two-year period involving postmen working in different demographic areas. Using the collected field data, we validated our developed SI and analyzed whether there were any differences in the safety performance among postal motorcyclists working in different regional post offices or within the same regional post office. We found that the safety performance of postal motorcyclists working in different regional delivery offices varied depending on the regional characteristics of the local delivery office (e.g., densely distributed delivery points vs. loosely distributed delivery points). We also found that the safety performance of postal motorcyclists working in the same regional post office varied depending on the specific circumstances of each delivery area (e.g., short commuting routes of the postman responsible for downtown vs. long commuting routes of the postman responsible for a suburb)

How Customers Perceive Virtual Mirror Technology in the 4th Industrial Revolution Environment

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how customers perceive virtual mirror technology in the 4th industrial revolution environment. In particular, this study investigated how virtual mirror technology affects customer satisfaction and intention to use that are rarely examined in previous studies. Research questions include how proposed variables including sensory stimulation, enjoyment, product quality, telepresence, interactivity, and immersion affect satisfaction and intention to use and how satisfaction affects intention to use. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted an online survey and applied factor and regression analyses to test hypotheses. Results: The results of this study found that effects of sensory stimulation, telepresence, and immersion on satisfaction were significant, while effects of enjoyment, product quality, and immersion on intention to use were significant. Therefore, variables affecting satisfaction and intention to use were different, while effects of immersion were significant both on satisfaction and intention to use. Conclusions: This study concluded that the role of virtual mirror technology helps customers determine product quality and increase satisfaction level, while it also helps customers enjoy shopping and increase intent to use the service. The results of this study provide how to foster better relationship with customers by applying advanced technologies.2

High-Performance Geospatial Big Data Processing System Based on MapReduce

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the increasing volume and diversity of sources of geospatial big data have created challenges in storing, managing, and processing data. In addition to the general characteristics of big data, the unique properties of spatial data make the handling of geospatial big data even more complicated. To facilitate users implementing geospatial big data applications in a MapReduce framework, several big data processing systems have extended the original Hadoop to support spatial properties. Most of those platforms, however, have included spatial functionalities by embedding them as a form of plug-in. Although offering a convenient way to add new features to an existing system, the plug-in has several limitations. In particular, while executing spatial and nonspatial operations by alternating between the existing system and the plug-in, additional read and write overheads have to be added to the workflow, significantly reducing performance efficiency. To address this issue, we have developed Marmot, a high-performance, geospatial big data processing system based on MapReduce. Marmot extends Hadoop at a low level to support seamless integration between spatial and nonspatial operations of a solid framework, allowing improved performance of geoprocessing workflow. This paper explains the overall architecture and data model of Marmot as well as the main algorithm for automatic construction of MapReduce jobs from a given spatial analysis task. To illustrate how Marmot transforms a sequence of operators for spatial analysis to map and reduce functions in a way to achieve better performance, this paper presents an example of spatial analysis retrieving the number of subway stations per city in Korea. This paper also experimentally demonstrates that Marmot generally outperforms SpatialHadoop, one of the top plug-in based spatial big data frameworks, particularly in dealing with complex and time-intensive queries involving spatial index

A Study on Re-Engagement and Stabilization Time on Take-Over Transition in a Highly Automated Driving System

In the case of level 3 automated vehicles, in order to safely and quickly transfer control authority rights to manual driving, it is necessary that a study be conducted on the characteristics of human factors affecting the transition of manual driving. In this study, we conducted three experiments to compare the characteristics of human factors that influence the driver’s quality of response when re-engaging and stabilizing manual driving. The three experiments were conducted sequentially by dividing them into a normal driving situation, an obstacle occurrence situation in front, and an obstacle and congestion on surrounding roads. We performed a statistical analysis and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis using experimental data. We found that as the number of trials increased, there was a learning effect that shortened re-engagement times and increased the proportion of drivers with good response times. We found that the stabilization time increased as the experiment progressed, as obstacles appeared in front and traffic density increased in the surrounding lanes. The results of the analysis are useful for vehicle developers designing safer human–machine interfaces and for governments developing guidelines for automated driving systems

The effect of intracellular protein delivery on the anti-tumor activity of recombinant human endostatin

Endostatin (ES), a 20 kDa protein derived from the carboxy-terminus of collagen XVIII is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, but clinical development has been hindered by poor clinical efficacy and insufficient functional information from which to design agents with improved activity. The present study investigated protein uptake by cells as a determinant of ES activity. We developed a cell-permeable ES protein (HM73ES) with enhanced capacity to enter cells by adding a macromolecule transduction domain (MTD). HM73ES inhibited angiogenesis-associated phenotypes in cultured endothelial cells [as assessed by tube formation, wound-healing, cell proliferation and survival assays]. These effects were accompanied by reductions in MAPK signaling (ERK phosphorylation), and in β-Catenin, c-Myc, STAT3, and VEGF protein expression. The cell-permeable ES displayed greater tissue penetration in mice and suppressed the growth of human tumor xenografts to a significantly greater extent than ES protein without the MTD sequence. Our results suggest that anti-angiogenic activities of native ES are limited at the level of protein uptake and/or subcellular localization, and that much of the activity of ES against tumors depends on one or more intracellular functions. This study will inform future efforts to understand ES function(s) and suggest strategies for improving ES-based cancer therapeutics

Antitumor Activity of Cell-Permeable RUNX3 Protein in Gastric Cancer Cells

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Limited therapeutic options highlight the need to understand the molecular changes responsible for the disease and to develop therapies based on this understanding. The goal of this study was to develop cell-permeable (CP-) forms of the RUNT-related transcription factor 3, RUNX3-a candidate tumor suppressor implicated in gastric and other epithelial cancers-to study the therapeutic potential of RUNX3 in the treatment of gastric cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We developed novel macromolecule transduction domains (MTD) which were tested for the ability to promote protein uptake by mammalian cells and tissues and used to deliver of biologically active RUNX3 into human gastric cancer cells. The therapeutic potential CP-RUNX3 was tested in the NCI-N87 human tumor xenograft animal model. RESULTS: RUNX3 fusion proteins, HM(57)R and HM(85)R, containing hydrophobic MTDs enter gastric cancer cells and suppress cell phenotypes (e.g., cell-cycle progression, wounded monolayer healing, and survival) and induce changes in biomarker expression (e.g., p21(Waf1) and VEGF) consistent with previously described effects of RUNX3 on TGF-β signaling. CP-RUNX3 also suppressed the growth of subcutaneous human gastric tumor xenografts. The therapeutic response was comparable with studies augmenting RUNX3 gene expression in tumor cell lines; however, the protein was most active when administered locally, rather than systemically (i.e., intravenously). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further evidence that RUNX3 can function as a tumor suppressor and suggest that practical methods to augment RUNX3 function could be useful in treating of some types of gastric cancer