ガイコクジン コウド ジンザイ トハ ダレ ナノカ メディア ニ オケル ガイコクジン コウド ジンザイ ノ ヒョウショウ ニ カンスル イチコウサツ

批判的社会言語学の深

Use-wear experimental studies for differentiating flint tools processing bamboo from wood

Bamboo is widespread in south China and is one of the major organic resources in daily use through history due to its similar potential use value as wood. Due to the unfavourable preservation conditions and taphonomic alteration, the rare discovery of well-preserved organic remains from Palaeolithic sites means there is a lack of direct studies on the technology and behaviour of early prehistoric humans. Use-wear analysis has been proved as a reliable method to detect evidence left by working wood and bamboo on stone artefacts. This study aims to provide an experimental reference of use-wear features and patterns to identify and interpret the exploration of bamboo and wood resources in prehistory. In this experiment, 12 flint flakes were selected for processing bamboo stems and pine branches with working motions of whittling, sawing, and chopping. The results show that the use-wear features, including edge scarring, edge rounding, and polish, of bamboo-working and wood-working are distinctive. Edge scarring is closely related to the working motion, and moderate bright to very bright polish is a significant feature associated with bamboo-working. It is possible to distinguish wear traces caused by bamboo-working from those by wood-processing through a combination of low-power and high-power techniques under a 3D digital microscope

Effect of astigmatism on visual outcomes after multifocal intraocular lens implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo investigate the effects of postoperative astigmatism on the visual outcomes following presbyopia-correcting surgery with multifocal intraocular lens implantation.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published until January 2023. Additionally, we included retrospective case series and prospective comparative studies. The combined mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI were used to express continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4.1).ResultsWe included nine eligible studies that analyzed 3,088 eyes. The proportion of eyes with useful postoperative visual acuity (logMAR ≤ 0.20) and residual astigmatism significantly differed with respect to the magnitude of astigmatism and presence/absence of blurred vision (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (MD, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.21; p = 0.0003) and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (MD, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13; p = 0.04), but not the uncorrected near visual acuity (MD, 0.02; 95%CI-0.01 to 0.05; p = 0.17), significantly differed according to the magnitude of astigmatism.ConclusionAstigmatism, even at low levels (≥ 0.5D), has a significant effect on visual outcomes, especially on UDVA and UIVA, following multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Accurate preoperative and postoperative evaluation of astigmatism is important

Comparison of astigmatism correction and visual outcomes in mix-and-match implantations of trifocal intraocular lenses with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy and contralateral bifocal Toric intraocular lenses

IntroductionAstigmatism reduces the postoperative visual performance after non-toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) implantation, and limits the use of refractive IOLs in cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy in astigmatism correction and the postoperative visual outcomes between the implantation of a trifocal IOL with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) in one eye and a bifocal toric IOL (TIOL) in the other, in patients with cataract and moderate astigmatism.MethodsThis prospective observational paired-eye study enrolled patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism (CA) between 0.75 and 2.25 D in both eyes. The patients underwent a mix-and-match treatment comprising trifocal IOL implantation with FSAK and bifocal TIOL implantation. We compared the visual acuity (VA) at all distances, defocus curve, postoperative refractive astigmatism (RfA), CA, high-order aberrations, modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, and Strehl ratio between the two eye groups.ResultsIn total, 41 patients (82 eyes) were enrolled and completed a 6-month follow-up. The 1- and 3-month uncorrected distance VA and 3-month uncorrected near VA were greater in eyes with bifocal TIOLs than with trifocal IOLs and FSAK (p = 0.036, 0.010, and 0.030, respectively), whereas the latter had greater uncorrected intermediate VA at every visit and greater VA in the intermediate range of defocus curve (at −1.50 and − 2.00 D) than the eyes with bifocal TIOLs. The postoperative RA of the eyes with trifocal IOL and FSAK was significantly higher than that of the bifocal TIOL-implanted eyes at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups.DiscussionBoth FSAK and TIOL implantation effectively reduce pre-existing moderate astigmatism in patients with cataract. The eyes with bifocal TIOLs had more stable long-term astigmatism correction, whereas those with trifocal IOLs and FSAK had better intermediate VA. Therefore, a mix-and-match implantation of trifocal IOL with FSAK and contralateral bifocal TIOL could achieve effective astigmatism correction and provide an overall optimal VA

Advances in the treatment of traumatic scars with laser, intense pulsed light, radiofrequency, and ultrasound

Abstract Traumatic scarring is one of the most common complications after soft tissue injury caused by burns and trauma, which affects tens of millions of people worldwide every year. Traumatic scars diminish the quality of life due to disfigurement, symptoms of pain and itch, and restricted motion. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of traumatic scar remain elusive. The management for traumatic scars is comprised of surgical and non-surgical interventions such as pressure therapy, silicone, corticosteroid, and radiotherapy, which are chosen by clinicians based on the physical examinations of scars. Recently, great progress in treating traumatic scars has been achieved by the development of novel technologies including laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), radiofrequency, and ultrasound. The aim of this review article was to summarize the advances of these technologies for traumatic scars intervention

Effect of postoperative residual astigmatism on visual outcomes after trifocal intraocular lens implantation

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual astigmatism on postoperative visual outcomes after trifocal intraocular lens implantation.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we divided 156 eyes into two groups according to postoperative astigmatism measured by subjective optometry and followed them up for 3 months. Visual acuity, modulation transfer function (MTF) curves, Strehl ratio (SR), Visual Function Index-14 scores, and photic phenomena were compared.ResultsLinear regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between residual astigmatism and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (r = 0.190, P = 0.016) at 3 months and a significant between-group difference at 1- and 3-month postoperative UDVA (P = 0.038, P = 0.018, respectively). MTF curve values and SR (MTF-10 total, MTF-10 cornea, MTF-30 total, MTF-30 cornea, SR Total, and SR cornea) were significantly worse (P < 0.001), and the Visual Function Index-14 scores were lower in the 0.5 < astigmatism ≤ 1.25 D group (P < 0.05) than in the astigmatism ≤ 0.5 D group. No significant differences were found in the frequency, severity, and bothersomeness of photic phenomena (P > 0.05).ConclusionPostoperative residual astigmatism affects the UDVA of the trifocal intraocular lens-implanted eyes. Although we found no significant differences in uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuity, both objective and subjective visual quality were affected, suggesting the need for surgical planning when the anticipated postoperative astigmatism is >0.5 D

GroEL/ES mediated the in vivo recovery of TRAIL inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli

Abstract Inclusion body (IB) formation generates substantial bio-waste in the pharmaceutical industry and remains a major challenge for heterologous protein expression. Although chaperones can be co-expressed to improve soluble protein yield, their contribution to IB processing in vivo has not been thoroughly studied. Here, a GroEL-GroES co-expressing strain and a deficient strain were constructed to study the in vivo recovery of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The interaction between GroEL/ES and TRAIL was simulated by molecular docking and identified by co-immunoprecipitation. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TRAIL IBs before and after in vivo recovery was subsequently determined by MTT assay. Additionally, IB structures were measured by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that after in vivo refolding, IBs retained lower levels of anti-tumor activity and fewer native-like β-sheet structures. Fewer recoverable polypeptides were trapped in IBs after GroEL/ES co-expression and refolding in vivo. Therefore, GroEL/ES mediated the in vivo recovery of TRAIL IBs in Escherichia coli. These results may identify potential uses for IBs and provide additional insight into the detailed mechanisms of in vivo protein recovery

Combined Treatment with Electrocauterization, Carbon Dioxide Laser, and Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency for Facial Angiofibromas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Report and Literature Review

ABSTRACT: Tuberous sclerosis complex is a type of genetic multisystem disease that causes hamartomas in various organs. Facial angiofibromas commonly occur in 80% of patients and are prominently distributed over the cheek, chin, and nasolabial folds with severe disfigurement and emotional distress. Recently, photoelectric devices have been identified for the treatment of angiofibromas with great efficacy and fewer side effects. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with facial angiofibromas, who was treated with a combination of high-frequency electrocauterization, Ultrapulse CO2 laser, and microneedle fractional radiofrequency with 7 sessions and a 6-month follow-up. The patient showed great improvement in relation to the elevated lesions and nodules. A low recurrence rate was observed. This is the first study to investigate the efficacy of high-frequency electrocauterization and microneedle fractional radiofrequency in angiofibromas. It may provide an optimal approach for clinicians wherein a combined treatment of various lasers and electric devices is effective for complicated, protuberant, and firm angiofibromas of specific patients