Theoretical Analysis of Plasmon Modes of Au–Ag Nanocages

The plasmonic properties of porous Au–Ag alloy nanocages are studied theoretically. The finite element method is used to investigate numerically the scattering and absorption spectra of two kinds of nanocages: corner-truncated and face-holed nanocages. Our results indicate that the plasmon modes of the two porous nanocages are nearly equivalent and tunable, which are redshifted from that of nanobox. The larger the surface porosity, the more redshifted the plasmon band is. However, the dependence of the plasmon band (dipole mode) on the surface porosity of the corner-truncated nanocage is higher than that of the face-holed one. The absorption efficiency of the former is higher than those of the latter at the same plasmon mode, whereas the scattering efficiency of the former is weaker. In addition, the bandwidth of the former is narrower than that of the latter. Our results also show that the scattering and absorption efficiencies of a corner-truncated nanocage illuminated by a plane wave normal to the {111} facet are stronger than those to the {100} facet at the same plasmon mode

Selective Targeting and Restrictive Damage for Nonspecific Cells by Pulsed Laser-Activated Hyaluronan-Gold Nanoparticles

Herein, we describe an approach that immobilizes low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (low-MW HA) on the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which can serve as a cellular probe and photodamage media, to evaluate the selectivity and efficiency of HA-based GNPs (HGNPs) as a mediator of laser-induced photothermal cell damage. In addition, it is known that solid tumors contain a higher content of low-MW HA than normal tissues. Thus, we used low-MW HA rather than high-MW HA used in other studies. In the present study, we conjugated low-MW HA, which is a linear polysaccharide with a disaccharide repeat unit, to prevent a reduction of the ligand–receptor binding efficiency in contrast to the conjugation of protein or peptides, which have unique three-dimensional structures. Three cell linesMDA-MB-435 S (with CD44), MDA-MB-453 and NIH/3T3 (both are without CD44)were investigated in the study, and qualitative observations were conducted by dark-field microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). In addition, quantitative measurements calculated using inductively coupled plasma emissions were taken for comparison. Our results showed that within the same treatment time, the uptake dosage of HGNPs by the MDA-MB-435 S cells was higher than that by the MDA-MB-453 and NIH 3T3 cells. Meanwhile, HGNPs uptake by the untreated MDA-MB-435 S cells was higher than that of MDA-MB-435 S cells with CD44 blocked by antibodies or silencing CD44 expression. This result implies that receptor-mediated endocytosis can enhance the cellular uptake of HGNPs. In addition, when exposed to a low-power pulsed laser, the former cell morphologies showed a more laser-induced giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMV) than the latter morphologies. Therefore, this study utilized the specific photothermal property of HA-modified GNPs with laser-induced blebs to create a possible new method for medical applications

DFA scaling exponent <i>α</i> estimates derived from the RR time series.

<p>DFA scaling exponent <i>α</i> estimates derived from the RR time series.</p

Statistical analysis results of the modeling parameter estimation derived from the linear regression model in (5).

<p>Statistical analysis results of the modeling parameter estimation derived from the linear regression model in (5).</p

Mean HR values evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.

<p>Mean HR values evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.</p

Schematic block diagram of overall system configuration.

<p>Schematic block diagram of overall system configuration.</p

Mean FPM values of VL evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.

<p>Mean FPM values of VL evaluated over all the subjects at the four stages of the cycling movement.</p

An RR data segment.

<p>An RR data segment.</p

FPM tracings.

<p>FPM tracings.</p

The schematic diagram of the ergometer used in our cycling-based real-time fatigue and cardiac stress monitoring and analysis system.

<p>It mainly consists of a stationary bicycle equipped with a resistor, crank angle detector and the wireless EMG and ECG sensors with sensor interface devices.</p