Proposed Quantum Text Teleportation Protocol (QTTP) for Secure Text Transfer by using Quantum Teleportation and Huffman Coding

In this work, the authors present Quantum Text Teleportation Protocol (QTTP) that uses Quantum Teleportation (QT) technique and Huffman Coding for secure text transfers. The QTTP enables the teleportation of quantum states of text (for example, email) in a secure manner, while simultaneously encrypting and decrypting them using Huffman Coding since data can only be retrieved or decoded if the prefix codes are known. The Huffman Coding approach offers the benefit of compressing the entire text, resulting in faster transmission of large amounts of information. For proof of concept, the authors experimentally evaluated both of the proposed QTTPs (Standard QTTP and QTTP with Huffman Coding) using Quantum Information Science Kit (QISKit), a quantum computing platform and simulated on IBM QASM Simulator and on IBM real quantum hardware

White Paper: Quantum-AI Hybrid Approach for Wind Farm Layout Optimization

The purpose of this white paper is to discuss how Quantum and AI hybrid approaches can be used to optimize wind farm layouts such that energy generation is maximized

Oxidative treatment of crude pharmaceutical industry effluent by hydrodynamic cavitation

The present study investigates the oxidative technique of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for the treatment of a highly refractive, bulk drug industry effluent with an initial total organic carbon (TOC) content of 69960 mg/l. A qualitative insight into the pharmaceutical industry, drug production, and effluent characteristics is presented. Experiments on the undiluted effluent were conducted in accordance with central composite design (CCD). For the venturi-based HC studies, variation of pH (3.63-10.36), inlet pressure (2.95-13.04 bar), and treatment time (26.36-93.63 min.) were studied, besides investigating their effects on treatment efficiency. HC treatment yielded a maximum 25% reduction in TOC with a cavitational yield of 65.69 × 10-3 mg/J for an optimum combination of pH 7, inlet pressure 8 bar, cavitation number of 0.242, and treatment time 60 minutes (17 recirculations). Furthermore, synergetic effects of increasing inlet pressure and effluent temperature were quantified, and found to effectuate a maximum increase of 1781% in vapour pressure, and decrease of 77% in cavitation number. Lastly, effects of operating factors on treatment efficacy and the success of HC system were summarized

An industrial insight on treatment strategies of the pharmaceutical industry effluent with varying qualitative characteristics

This study aims to provide non-biological treatment solutions to the pharmaceutical industry, depending on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the wastewater. Commonly overlooked aspects of industrial wastewater such as its fluctuating characteristics, selection of suitable sampling points, and adopting an appropriate treatment methodology are addressed. Different units in a drug-producing industry and chief ingredients at each stage were identified. An appropriate sampling point was finalized following a series of systematic and repeated samplings of prominent industrial locations, at different periods. High organic and solids strength industrial wastewater samples were characterized and subjected to various physico-chemical and oxidative techniques, namely electrocoagulation (EC), chemical coagulation, photocatalytic oxidation, electro-Fenton's (EF), Photo-Fenton's (PF), and Fenton's oxidation. The highest total organic carbon (TOC) reduction efficiencies about 47, 23, and 62 % were obtained from Fenton's oxidation for distinct samplings. The variation in quality of effluent heavily influences the treatment efficacies of individual treatment schemes. Hence, rigid treatment protocols are inadvisable to propose for industrial perspectives to handle diurnal variations in effluent characteristics. Rather, industry-specific solutions may be provided, depending on the type of wastewater generated

Sequential treatment of crude drug effluent for the elimination of API by combined electro-assisted coagulation-photocatalytic oxidation

This work reports the elimination of the emerging contaminant cefixime, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from Indian based drug effluent. A sequential two step electrocoagulation (EC) and photocatalytic oxidation treatment is proposed to eliminate the API below its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). This study is prominent due to the treatment of high strength crude drug effluent, with total organic carbon (TOC) of 7395 mg/l, in order to reduce the organic load with complete elimination of pre-existing microbial population. Treatment processes were conducted in batch reactors, in which, EC was carried out by two electrodes viz. Aluminum and Iron. On optimization, at 10 V and 24 V for aluminum and iron electrode, TOC was found to reduce by 14% and 22% respectively. By Fenton’s reaction with iron electrode, 41% TOC removal was observed, with reduction of cefixime to 0.01 mg/l. On step two EC with H2O2, a further 2% TOC removal facilitated in reduction of cefixime to 0.001 mg/l, determined by HPLC-MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The sequential EC treated-diluted effluent, subjected to TiO2 and H2O2 assisted photocatalytic oxidation by natural sunlight and UV source, separately, resulted in further TOC reduction of 30% and 33% respectively. EC treatment effectively reduced the API below MIC (6 mg/l), determined by antimicrobial activity and EC-Fenton’s reaction allowed elimination of pre-existing bacteria in effluent, below the lower limit of detection (LOD) i.e., 0.5 colony forming units (CFU)/ml. Thus, this work highlights the significance of non-biological treatments of drug effluents to prevent microbial drug resistance in environment

White Paper: Satellite Placement Optimization Using Quantum Computing

The purpose of this white paper is to discuss the problems associated with satellite placement, including space debris. The paper explains why Satellite Placement Optimization is an NP-Hard problem and how Quantum Computing can be used to solve it

White Paper: Space Sustainability Using Quantum Computing

This white paper discusses the problems associated with space debris and how Space Debris Removal Optimization can be formulated as a combination of two optimization problems (the Knapsack Problem and the Travelling Salesman Problem). This white paper also discusses how quantum computing can be applied to solve space debris problems through Space Debris Removal Optimization