INCIDENCE OF TYPHOID CASES IN LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM- A STUDY FROM 2013 TO 2015

Abstract:              A study was carried out with an objective to find out the incidence of typhoid cases in Lakhimpur district of Assam for a period from 2013 to 2015. All government as well as private hospital laboratories was included for the study. Widal/Typhidot test assays were used for laboratory confirmation of typhoid cases in all reporting units. A total of 3734 typhoid positive cases were observed in 36 months. The average incidence was 104 cases per month with a value of standard deviation 70.261 and standard error of mean 11.710.The two-tailed p value was found as <0.0001, considered extremely significant. The incidence of typhoid cases was found very high in 2013 as compared to 2014 and 2015. Most of the typhoid positive cases were detected from North Lakhimpur civil hospital and Nowboicha area. The incidence rate for typhoid cases was found maximum in Nowboicha and Dhakuakhana area. The people were having poor knowledge on proper hygiene habit and sanitation. In affected places, most of the wells/tube wells are found as without brim or platform. A special class should be taken in every school on health seeking behaviors thorough which one can expect that the entire community will have gain knowledge on different diseases and how to get rid of such diseases.     Key words: Incidence, Lakhimpur, Nowboicha, Typhoid, Widal  Â

PREVALENCE OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL AND RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM, INDIA

This study was carried out at Lakhimpur district in Assam, India for assessing the trend of gastroenteritis and respiratory disease. During the study, a large numbers of acute respiratory infections/influenza like illness (ARI/ILI) cases were observed which were closely followed by acute diarrhoea and bacillary dysentery. Most of the ARI/ILI cases were reported from Bihpuria block public health centre (BPHC). Incidence of acute diarrhoea and bacillary dysentery cases were high at Boginodi area. Beside this, high incidence of enteric fever cases was also reported in Lakhimpur district. The overall incidence was higher from May to June

Following vaccination, Japanese encephalitis (JE) circumstances in Lakhimpur, Assam

ABSTRACTBackground: Assam is positioned as the most vulnerable state for Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection. It contributes more than 51% of total JE positive cases reported in the country during the year 2014. A study was carried out in Lakhimpur district of Assam to observe the incidence of AES/JE after vaccination.Methods: During January to December 2014, a total of 96 numbers of acute encephalitis cases (AES) were reported from Lakhimpur district of Assam. Of which, 27.08% (26/96) cases were found in the below 15 years age group. Blood samples were collected from AES patients and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method was done for detection of JE IgM antibody.Results: The positivity rate for Japanese encephalitis was 22.92%. Initial case of AES was reported on 4th January; however the first JE positive case was detected in 1st July. All age group has been affected; children below 15 years of age groups (13/22) are mostly vulnerable to JE infection. Males are mostly susceptible for AES/JE infection. Maximum 58 numbers of AES cases were reported during the month of July. However, except two, all other JE positive cases were also observed in the month of July. High incidence of AES/JE cases was observed from Boginodi and Nowboicha area. A total of 7 patients expired due to AES/JE, of which 3 cases were JE IgM positive. High positivity rate for JE was observed in Dhalpur and Dhakuakhana area. Maximum case fatality rate for JE was also noticed in Dhalpur and Bihpuria area. All the AES/JE death cases were unvaccinated as they were not present in their locality during the JE vaccination period. However, 36.36% (8/22) JE vaccinated cases were shown JE IgM positive.Conclusion: High incidence of AES/JE cases occurs due to the presence of large number of domestic pigs, flooding of paddy fields etc.Keywords: Acute encephalitis syndrome, Japanese encephalitis & Lakhimpu

ECC Cipher Processor Based On Knapsack Algorithm

Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) provides a secure means of exchanging keys among communicating hosts using the Diffie Hellmen Key Exchange algorithm.  This paper presents the implementation of ECC by first transforming the message into an affine point on the elliptical curve (EC), and then applying the knapsack algorithm on ECC encrypted message over the finite field gF(p). In ECC we normally start with an affine point called Pm(x,y). This point lies on the elliptic curve. In this paper we have illustrated encryption/decryption involving the ASCII value of the characters constituting the message, and then subjecting it to the knapsack algorithm. Thus the modified plain text has been encrypted by application of the ECC method. The modification of the plain text in conjunction with Pm and application of Knapsack algorithm is the new innovation of this paper. The security of ECC relies on the difficulty of solving the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), i.e. finding k, given P and Q = kP. The problem is computationally intractable for large values of k. Keywords: Discrete logarithm, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), knapsack algorithm, public key cryptography, RSA algorith

ACPTDF for Multi-transactions and ATC Determination in Deregulated Markets

Abstract—Available transfer capability in the transmission network has become essential quantity to be declared well in advance for its commercial use in a competitive electricity market. Its fast computation using DC load flow based approach is used worldwide for on line implementation. Many authors have proposed the ATC calculation based on DC/AC load flow approach. In this paper, AC PTDF based approach has been proposed for multi-transaction cases using power transfer sensitivity and Jacobian calculated with three different methods. The methods can be implemented for any number of transactions occurring simultaneously. The results have been determined for intact and line contingency cases taking multi-transaction/simultaneous as well as single transaction cases. The main contributions of the paper are: (i) ATC determination for multi-transactions environment, (ii) ATC determination and comparison with three approaches of PTDF calculations, (iii) LODFs with line contingency cases for multi-transaction environment and thereby ATC determination. The results have also been obtained with DC method for comparison. The proposed method have been applied for IEEE 24 bus RTS. Keywords: Available transfer capability, AC load flow, AC power transfer distribution factors , line outage contingency, line outage distribution factors, multi-transactions, simultaneous transactions.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v1i1.6

Segmenting Investors on their Biases Manifested in Investment Decision-Making by Individual Investors

Purpose- This study proposes to identify the certain biases affecting investor decision-making and to segment investors accordingly. Design/Methodology- A quantitative research method was applied to measure the existence and impact of the biases on investment decision-making. A survey was administered among the stock market investors in Uttar Pradesh. Factor analysis was used to extract those biases that significantly impact investment decision-making and their mean score to assess the level of agreement that affects their investment decisions. Findings - The finding reveals that eight extracted factors affect the investment decisions and accordingly segment them on the biases they exhibit. The investors tend to fall into Imitator, Stereotypical, Independent Individualist, Risk Intolerant, Efficient Planner, Confident, Passive, and Competent Confirmer. The Imitators, Independent Individualists, and Confident investors show their higher level of agreement that highly affects their equity investment decision-making. Practical Implication- This study provides a base to segment the investors on their biases. In addition, it will help in customizing the investment recommendation based on their biases to improve the investment decisions

Various electroanalytical methods for the determination of uranium in different matrices

AbstractUranium is a toxic material hence numerous body systems such as the kidney, brain, liver, and heart can be affected by uranium exposure. The main effect is kidney toxicity. Uranium is a naturally occurring element found in low levels in all rock, soil, and water. All uranium isotopes may also cause radiation hazards, thus without any doubt an analysis of such materials in the surrounding environment is very important. The presented review is a summarization of all electroanalytical techniques for the determination of uranium and its compounds in various matrices. Totally 43 different methods are found in our literature survey. Out of these three are polarographic, 25 potentiometry, five capillary electrophoresis and 28 voltametric methods are available in the literature. Interferences of different ions and applications in different matrices are also given for each method

A Web-Based Tourist Decision Support System for Agra City

In the last decade the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have boomed in many sectors, such as business, education, commerce and have profound implications for the tourism industry. They are being used extensively in a great variety of functions and count innumerable applications. Among these, Decision Support System (DSS) plays a fundamental role for their capacity to give tourist managing their tours and to base all the decisions concerning to queries on the climate, road conditions, cultural aspects, lodging, health facilities, banking, etc. of the location to be visited on sound and rational bases. In the present paper, a Web-Based Tourist Decision Support System (WTDSS) for Agra City has been developed that allows the traveling community to find their route in city and ask for information about sights, accommodations and other places of interest which are near by to him to improve the convenience, safety and efficiency of travel