GENDER DIFFERENCE IN IMPACTS DURING RUNNING

The goal of this research was to determine whether gender differences exist in impact force and impact shock variables at stance phase during a preferred velocity running. Twelve male and ten female recreational runners were selected for this study. Comparisons of parameters relating to impact force and impact shock, which attained from time domain, and impact shock parameters, which were anal'yzed in frequency domain, were made between genders. There were no significantly differences in a magnitude of impact force and head and tibia acceleration between genders, but PSD (power spectral density) of peak impact shock at the tibia (

GROUND REACTION FORCES DURING “POINTE” IN BALLET

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in ground reaction forces between right and left leg during pointe. Fifteen ballet dancers who have no lower limb injury participated in this study. Eight infrared cameras (Qualisys, Sweden) and two force plates (Kistler, Switzerland) were used for a three dimensional motion analysis. Ballet dancers were asked to perform 10 trials of “demi-plie en pointe”. The results showed significant differences in vertical ground reaction forces between right and left leg at maximum ankle extension (E3, ?

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EXPERTS’ SCORING AND BIOMECHANICAL ASSESSMENT IN BALLET MOVEMENT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between assessment of ballet movement by experts and biomechanical variables. Releve point movement was recorded by a video camcorder (Sony, Japan) for the expert assessment. Eight infrared cameras (Qualisys, Sweden) and two force plates (Kistler, Switzerland) were used for biomechanical analysis. A High reliability in score for flexibility and assistance among three judges was found. Based on the analysis of correlations, flexibility and ROM were positively correlated as the subject who performed wider motion at the ankle achieved higher sores in flexibility from the judges. Negative correlations were found between the judges’ scores in assistance and ankle joint power as well as their scores in balance and COP on the left side. Development of objective and reliable scoring standards in ballet based on the understanding of body movements supported by the verification of scientific method is needed

THE EFFECT OF SHOULDER MOBILITY ON AGONIST AND SYNERGIST DURING SHOULDER PRESS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoulder mobility score on agonist and synergist muscle activation during shoulder press and to provide an underpinning fundamental to optimize the training effect while reducing the risk of injuries when instructing training in the field. The participants were divided to two different groups according to individual shoulder mobility score which is part of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). There were five participants in the score of 3 group (upper group) and six included in the group with the score of less than 3 (lower group). The results of this study revealed that the shoulder mobility score showed a negative correlation with the ratio of the left and right latissimus dorsi/anterior deltoid muscle activation in the concentric contraction phase (

ALTERATIONS IN JOINT KINEMATICS AND KINETICS DURING DOWNHILL RUNNING

The purpose of this investigation was to find how joint kinematics and kinetics during downhill running change compared to level running. Fifteen recreational runners ran on a force plate imbedded treadmill with three different slopes (0 º, -6º, and -9º) at a controlled speed of 3.2 m/s. Ten steps on each slope were selected for analysis. Increased knee flexion with decreased ankle plantar-flexion and hip flexion was found during downhill running compared to level running. Decreased peak propulsive ground reaction force and posterior impulse were found during downhill running compared to level running. Additionally, increased extension moment with increased negative joint power at the knee and decreased plantar-flexion moment with decreased negative joint power at the ankle were found during downhill running compared to level running

Medical Practices and Attitudes of Dual-Licensed Medical Doctors in Korea

Unique dual medical system in Korea has resulted in the emergence of dual-licensed medical doctors (DLMDs) who have both traditional Korean medicine (KM) and Western medicine (WM) licenses. There have been few studies on DLMDs in spite of their growing number and importance within the medical system. We surveyed the current status and attitudes of DLMD to assess their role in integrative medicine. Questionnaires were administered to the members of the association of DLMD. Data from 103 DLMD were collected and statistically analyzed. 41.4% of DLMD were copracticing both WM and KM at a single clinic, preferring the WM approach for physical examinations, laboratory tests, and education for patients—and the KM approach for treatment and prescription. Musculoskeletal, gastroenterologic, and allergic diseases were considered to be effectively treated with co-practice. DLMD highly agreed on the efficiency of copractice for disease control and patients’ satisfaction. On the other hand, they regarded the lack of health insurance coverage for copractice and increased medical expenditure as major problems in providing co-practice. To expand the role of DLMD as mediators of integration in primary health care, the effectiveness of their co-practice should be evaluated and a corresponding health insurance reimbursement system should be established

COMPARISON OF ANGULAR KINEMATIC PATTERNS BETWEEN CARVING TURN AND SKIDDING TURN DURING ALPINE SKIING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the movement patterns between segments (lower spine, pelvis, thigh, shank) and ski using the relative angular displacement on anteroposterior and vertical axis. Fourteen alpine ski instructors were participated in this study. Eight inertial measurement units were used to measure kinematic variables. Each skier was asked to perform ten carving turns and ten skidding turns on the groomed 15°slope, respectively. On the vertical axis, relative angular displacement of lower spine-ski was significantly increased during carving turn, whereas relative angular displacement of shank-ski was significantly increased during skidding turn. On the anteroposterior axis, relative angular displacement of lower spine-ski, pelvis-ski and thigh-ski were significantly increased during carving turn

SPRINTING SPEED OF ELITE SPRINTERS AT THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sprinting speed of the sprinters during the men's 100 m events at the IAAF World Championships (WC) in order to provide important information to track and field coaches and athletes. Sprinting speed of the sprinters was collected by using laser guns (Laveg Sport, Jenoptik, Germany) during the World Championships in Daegu 2011. Then, data from Osaka 2007 WC and Berline 2009 WC were included in the analysis. The findings indicated that a reduction of a sprinter’s maximum speed is correlated with their performance time (

SPRINTING CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN’S 100 METER FINALS AT THE IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHOPS DAEGU 2011

This study analyzed the sprinting characteristics of the finalists during the women's 100 m event in the IAAF World Championships Daegu 2011 in order to provide important information to track and field coaches and athletes. Five high speed cameras (Casio, Japan) with a sampling frequency of 300 Hz were used to calculate the number of steps, step length, and stride frequency of the eight sprinters in the women’s final event. There was a tendency to show a better performance time with a high number of steps (p=0.13) and shorter stride length (p=0.14) among the eight sprinters. Furthermore, stride frequency and performance time were negatively correlated as a higher stride frequency had a positive impact on performance time (p=0.02). Based on the relationship between COM velocity and lower extremity joint angles, the 4 top ranked sprinters showed the different strategies to maintain a high COM velocity during the mid portion of the race

LOWER EXTREMITY KINEMATICS OF SKI MOTION ON HILLS

This research study aimed to collect thre- dimensional joint angles of the lower extremity during a basic ski motion in order to provide more quantitative teaching guide-lines for ski instructors. Eleven infrared cameras were placed to cover the capture volume of three different stopping movements (e.g. “Pflug Fahren”) on hills. Six ski instructors participated in the test. Three trials of each stop were selected for comparison. Based on the results, skiers tended to use the edge of the ski and maintain a wider “V” shape at the shortest stop distance (e.g. 2m) compared to the other stops. Also, each skier had to invert the foot with a less flexed and more abducted knee and hip position as the stopping distance was decreased. This information will be useful for the development of more objective teaching guide-lines for beginner skiers