Dynamics of quantum dissipation systems interacting with Fermion and Boson grand canonical bath ensembles: Hierarchical equations of motion approach

A hierarchical equations of motion formalism for a quantum dissipation system in a grand canonical bath ensemble surrounding is constructed, on the basis of the calculus-on-path-integral algorithm, together with the parametrization of arbitrary non-Markovin bath that satisfies fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The influence functionals for both the Fermion or Boson bath interaction are found to be of the same path-integral expression as the canonical bath, assuming they all satisfy the Gaussian statistics. However, the equation of motion formalism are different, due to the fluctuation-dissipation theories that are distinct and used explicitly. The implications of the present work to quantum transport through molecular wires and electron transfer in complex molecular systems are discussed.Comment: 12page

Hierarchical Equations of Motion for Quantum Dissipation and Quantum Transport

In this review we give a comprehensive account of a hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach to the characterization of stationary and dynamic properties of open quantum systems. This approach is rooted at the Feynman-Vernon influence functional path integral formalism, but much more implementable numerically and operationally for the study of various complex molecular dynamics and quantum transport in strongly correlated electronic systems. By construction, HEOM resolves nonperturbatively the combined effects of many-particle interaction, system-bath coupling,and non-Markovian memory. Finally the practicality of HEOM to address physical and chemical problems is exemplified with a model simulation of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy signals of a biological light-harvesting system and a time-dependent quantum transport system involving dynamic Kondo transition

Organic Geochemistry and Hydrocarbon Generation Characteristics of Shale of the Fourth Member of Yingcheng Formation in the South Shuangcheng Fault Depression, Songliao Basin

In order to evaluate the potential for oil and gas resources in the deep fault depression of the Northern Songliao Basin, shale from the fourth member of the Yingcheng Formation (K1yc4) in the South Shuangcheng Fault Depression was selected as an example. The organic geochemical characteristics such as abundance, type and maturity from experiments on low-maturity source rock samples, the hydrocarbon generation conversion rate, hydrocarbon generation amount and hydrocarbon generation period of the shale from K1yc4 were evaluated via the chemical kinetics method. The hydrocarbon generation threshold of shale from K1yc4 in the South Shuangcheng Fault Depression was analyzed by examining the organic matter (OM) in shale core samples from K1yc4. Based on the thermal simulations to an approximate buried depth of 750 m, the maximum oil-generation stage corresponds to an approximate buried depth of 1380 m. The amounts of generated oil and gas from the shale in K1yc4 are approximately 2.417 × 108 t and 0.546 × 1011 m3, respectively. The shale in K1yc4 generated crude oil mainly during the sedimentary period of the Qingshankou Formation, Yaojia Formation and Nenjiang Formation, and mainly generated natural gas during the sedimentary period of the Nenjiang Formation. In the South Shuangcheng Fault Depression, the high parts of the local structure are the favorable areas for oil and gas exploration of K1yc4 in the sag zone, which could be used for the combined production of shale oil, tight sandstone oil and conventional oil

A Fuzzy Transformer Fusion Network (FuzzyTransNet) for Medical Image Segmentation: The Case of Rectal Polyps and Skin Lesions

Skin melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide, demands precise diagnosis to mitigate cancer-related mortality. While histopathological examination, characterized by its cost-effectiveness and efficiency, remains the primary diagnostic approach, the development of an accurate detection system is pressing due to melanoma’s varying sizes, shapes, and indistinct boundaries shared with normal tissues. To address the efficient segmentation of skin melanoma, we propose an innovative hybrid neural network approach in this study. Initially, a fuzzy neural network is constructed using fuzzy logic to preprocess medical images, supplemented by wavelet transformation for image enhancement. Subsequently, the Swin Transformer V2 and ResNet50 networks are introduced to parallelly extract features and apply them to the task of skin melanoma segmentation. Extensive experimental comparisons are conducted with other classic and advanced medical segmentation algorithms on publicly available skin datasets, namely ISIC 2017 and ISIC 2018. Experimental results reveal that our method outperforms the optimal algorithms by 1.3% in the Dice coefficient and 1.3% in accuracy on the ISIC 2018 dataset. The evaluation metrics indicate the effectiveness of the constructed fuzzy block in identifying uncertain lesion boundaries, while the Transformer–CNN branch adeptly extracts global features while accurately capturing underlying details. Additionally, we successfully apply our method to colon polyp segmentation tasks with similar indistinct boundaries, achieving remarkable segmentation outcomes

Establishment of a rat model for uterine leiomyomas based on Western and traditional Chinese medicine theories

Uterine leiomyomas (ULs) are benign monoclonal tumors that arise from the underlying myometrial tissue in the uterus. Effective therapies are still lacking because of poor understanding of the pathophysiology and epidemiology. Hence, it is urgent to establish efficient animal models to screen novel anti-UL therapies. In this study, for the first time, traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were combined to establish an animal model of ULs in rats. In order to evaluate the function and value of the novel model, it was compared with other models. The long-term and short-term rat models for ULs were established using progesterone and diethylstilbestrol. Rats in Qi stagnation and blood stasis group were injected with epinephrine hydrochloride and received chronic unpredictable stress for two weeks. Rats in combining disease with syndrome group (CDWSG) received not only epinephrine hydrochloride injection and chronic unpredictable stress but also progesterone and diethylstilbestrol treatment. We analyzed differences in organ coefficient, uterus size, uterine pathology, concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, expression of desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin among the five groups. The animal model of ULs was successfully constructed by loading the rats with estrogen and progesterone. The rat model of CDWSG was more stable than other groups and the method was the most efficient

The Osmotin-Like Protein Gene PdOLP1 Is Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis during Wood Formation in Poplar

Osmotin-like proteins (OLPs) mediate defenses against abiotic and biotic stresses and fungal pathogens in plants. However, no OLPs have been functionally elucidated in poplar. Here, we report an osmotin-like protein designated PdOLP1 from Populus deltoides (Marsh.). Expression analysis showed that PdOLP1 transcripts were mainly present in immature xylem and immature phloem during vascular tissue development in P. deltoides. We conducted phenotypic, anatomical, and molecular analyses of PdOLP1-overexpressing lines and the PdOLP1-downregulated hybrid poplar 84K (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) (Hybrid poplar 84K PagOLP1, PagOLP2, PagOLP3 and PagOLP4 are highly homologous to PdOLP1, and are downregulated in PdOLP1-downregulated hybrid poplar 84K). The overexpression of PdOLP1 led to a reduction in the radial width and cell layer number in the xylem and phloem zones, in expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and in the fibers and vessels of xylem cell walls in the overexpressing lines. Additionally, the xylem vessels and fibers of PdOLP1-downregulated poplar exhibited increased secondary cell wall thickness. Elevated expression of secondary wall biosynthetic genes was accompanied by increases in lignin content, dry weight biomass, and carbon storage in PdOLP1-downregulated lines. A PdOLP1 coexpression network was constructed and showed that PdOLP1 was coexpressed with a large number of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood development in poplar. Moreover, based on transcriptional activation assays, PtobZIP5 and PtobHLH7 activated the PdOLP1 promoter, whereas PtoBLH8 and PtoWRKY40 repressed it. A yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay confirmed interaction of PtoBLH8, PtoMYB3, and PtoWRKY40 with the PdOLP1 promoter in vivo. Together, our results suggest that PdOLP1 is a negative regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis and may be valuable for manipulating secondary cell wall deposition to improve carbon fixation efficiency in tree species

Progress of implementation on the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation in (2011-2020) China

Plants are essential resources for the earth and human survival. Many plant species are threatened by human disturbance and are now in danger of extinction. The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) seeks to halt the continuing loss of plant diversity and species across the globe. China endorsed the GSPC in 2002, and launched a national plant conservation strategy related to the GSPC in 2008. This paper assesses the progress of GSPC implementation in China. The results show that Targets 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 of the GSPC were achieved in China before 2018, and substantial progress has been made toward meeting Targets 3, 8, 9, 14, and 16 by 2020. Limited progress has been made so far in reaching Targets 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15. Although GSPC implementation has promoted the conservation and restoration of plant diversity in China, China needs to scale up and accelerate its actions related to conserving and/or restoring on both ecological region and vegetation type dimensions in the long run, including integrated in and ex situ native species recovery programs