International Trade of Isolated Countries: The Case of Myanmar and North Korea

Using a gravity model, this study examines trade patterns of two isolated economies - Myanmar and North Korea. This study finds that two countries' trade is basically consistent with the prediction of the gravity model. However, economic sanctions toward these countries imposed by the U.S. and other developed countries have distorted their trade pattern, and it turns out that China is exerting its power in place of other santion-participating countries. Relevant policy implications follow.

Does Economic Sanction Work? The Case of North Korea

Based on the gravity model of international trade, this paper initially analyzes North Korea's international trade pattern, which tends to follow the prediction of the gravity model: a positive relationship between trade and trading partners' GDP, and negative relationship between trade and distance. This pattern has been consistently preserved over recent several years in spite of economic sanctions by various countries, implying that those sanctions do not significantly change North Korea's trade environment. This result lies on the substitutability of goods among countries. For example, North Korea has traded increasingly larger amount of goods with China and Korea since Japan imposed sanctions against Pyeongyang. Unless all countries strictly agree on imposing sanctions against a specific country, which is almost impossible to be realized, imposing economic sanction will turn out to be unsuccessful

International Trade of Isolated Countries: The Case of Myanmar and North Korea

Using a gravity model, this study examines trade patterns of two isolated economies - Myanmar and North Korea. This study finds that two countries' trade is basically consistent with the prediction of the gravity model. However, economic sanctions toward these countries imposed by the U.S. and other developed countries have distorted their trade pattern, and it turns out that China is exerting its power in place of other santion-participating countries. Relevant policy implications follow

A Hybrid mosaic and vice versa

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The effects of trade openness on regional inequality in South Korea

노트 : 55th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "World Renaissance:Changing roles for people and places", 25-28 August 2015, Lisbon, Portuga

How to Attract More Tourists to Korea? Possible Collaborations with China

Based on the gravity model, this paper analyzes China and South Korea¡¯s tourism patterns. Using a panel data set of China¡¯s international tourism flows from 32 countries for 1995-2012, and Korea¡¯s international tourism flows from 152 countries for 2005-2013, this study finds that the two countries¡¯ data sets are generally consistent with the predictions of the gravity model. We further investigated the predicted values of tourist flows with actual values to determine under-represented countries. Policy implications follow regarding how to attract more tourists to Korea

FPGA-Based Low-Power Speech Recognition with Recurrent Neural Networks

In this paper, a neural network based real-time speech recognition (SR) system is developed using an FPGA for very low-power operation. The implemented system employs two recurrent neural networks (RNNs); one is a speech-to-character RNN for acoustic modeling (AM) and the other is for character-level language modeling (LM). The system also employs a statistical word-level LM to improve the recognition accuracy. The results of the AM, the character-level LM, and the word-level LM are combined using a fairly simple N-best search algorithm instead of the hidden Markov model (HMM) based network. The RNNs are implemented using massively parallel processing elements (PEs) for low latency and high throughput. The weights are quantized to 6 bits to store all of them in the on-chip memory of an FPGA. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a Xilinx XC7Z045, and the system can operate much faster than real-time.Comment: Accepted to SiPS 201