The mechanism of Renshen-Fuzi herb pair for treating heart failure—Integrating a cardiovascular pharmacological assessment with serum metabolomics

Background: Renshen-Fuzi herb pair (RS-FZ) is often used in the clinical treatment of heart failure (HF) and has a remarkable therapeutic effect. However, the mechanism of RS-FZ for treating HF remains unclear. In our study, we explored the mechanism of RS-FZ for treating HF.Methods: Evaluation of RS-FZ efficacy by cardiovascular pharmacology. Moreover, Global metabolomics profiling of the serum was detected by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Multivariate statistics analyzed the specific serum metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways. Combining serum metabolomics with network pharmacology, animal experiments screened and validated the critical targets of RS-FZ intervention in HF.Results: RS-FZ significantly ameliorated myocardial fibrosis, enhanced cardiac function, and reduced the serum HF marker (brain natriuretic peptide) level in rats with HF. Through topological analysis of the “Metabolite-Target-Component” interaction network, we found that 79 compounds of RS-FZ directly regulated the downstream specific serum metabolites by acting on four critical target proteins (CYP2D6, EPHX2, MAOB, and ENPP2). The immunohistochemistry results showed that RS-FZ observably improved the expression of CYP2D6 and ENPP2 proteins while decreasing the expression of EPHX2 and MAOB proteins dramatically.Conclusion: The integrated cardiovascular pharmacological assessment with serum metabolomics revealed that RS-FZ plays a crucial role in the treatment of HF by intervening in CYP2D6, EPHX2, MAOB, and ENPP2 target proteins. It provides a theoretical basis for RS-FZ for treating HF

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Deformation Failure Characteristics of Coal Body and Mining Induced Stress Evolution Law

The results of the interaction between coal failure and mining pressure field evolution during mining are presented. Not only the mechanical model of stope and its relative structure division, but also the failure and behavior characteristic of coal body under different mining stages are built and demonstrated. Namely, the breaking arch and stress arch which influence the mining area are quantified calculated. A systematic method of stress field distribution is worked out. All this indicates that the pore distribution of coal body with different compressed volume has fractal character; it appears to be the linear relationship between propagation range of internal stress field and compressed volume of coal body and nonlinear relationship between the range of outburst coal mass and the number of pores which is influenced by mining pressure. The results provide theory reference for the research on the range of mining-induced stress and broken coal wall

Small-signal stability analysis of photovoltaic generation connected to weak AC grid

Abstract A small-signal model of photovoltaic (PV) generation connected to weak AC grid is established based on a detailed model of the structure and connection of a PV generation system. An eigenvalue analysis is then employed to study the stability of PV generation for different grid strengths and control parameters in a phase-locked loop (PLL) controller in the voltage source converter. The transfer function of the power control loop in the dq rotation frame is developed to reveal the influence mechanism of PLL gains on the small-signal stability of PV generation. The results can be summarized as follows: ① oscillation phenomena at a frequency of about 5 Hz may occur when the grid strength is low; ② the tuning control parameters of the PLL have a noticeable effect on the damping characteristics of the system, and larger proportional gain can improve the system damping;③ within a frequency range of 4-5 Hz, the PLL controller has positive feedback on the power loop of PV generation. A virtual inductance control strategy is proposed to improve the operational stability of PV generation. Finally, a simulation model of PV generation connected to weak AC grid is built in PSCAD/EMTDC and the simulation results are used to validate the analysis

Research on Passenger Flow Congestion Propagation of Multi-Level Rail Transit Considering Stopping Scheme

Due to the complex operational characteristics of multi-level rail transit networks, such as cross-system and multi-level, passenger flow congestion must not only consider the steady state of homogeneous transportation networks but also reveal the deep-seated mechanism of congestion spreading between heterogeneous transportation networks. An analysis theory of travel paths based on Improved Prospect Theory (IPT) is proposed using generalized travel time and congestion degree as dual reference points. By organically integrating passenger travel modes and routes, a two-layer model of passenger travel mode selection based on Nested Logit-Improved Prospect Theory (NL-IPT) is constructed. On this basis, considering key influencing factors such as the stopping scheme, an improved Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model of multi-level rail transit passenger flow congestion propagation under bounded rationality conditions is proposed. Taking the multi-level rail transit in Beijing, China, as an example, the propagation process of passenger flow congestion in multi-level rail transit is simulated and analyzed. Through the sensitivity analysis of critical factors such as gain and loss sensitivity coefficient, propagation rate, and recovery rate, the mechanism of the influence of key parameters on passenger flow congestion propagation is revealed. The results show that when the proportion of waiting passengers heading to subsequent stops of the arriving train is greater than or equal to 0.6, there will be slight fluctuations in the initial stage of congestion propagation. When this proportion decreases by 80%, the congestion propagation range decreases by 23.3%. The research provides a reference for the operation plans and management optimization of multi-level rail transit

Research on drug treatment and the novel signaling pathway of chronic atrophic gastritis

Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a global digestive system disease and one of the important causes of gastric cancer. The incidence of CAG has been increasing yearly worldwide. Purpose: This article reviews the latest research on the common causes and future therapeutic targets of CAG as well as the pharmacological effects of corresponding clinical drugs. We provide a detailed theoretical basis for further research on possible methods for the treatment of CAG and reversal of the CAG process. Results: CAG often develops from chronic gastritis, and its main pathological manifestation is atrophy of the gastric mucosa, which can develop into gastric cancer. The drug treatment of CAG can be divided into agents that regulate gastric acid secretion, eradicate Helicobacter. pylori (H. pylori), protect gastric mucous membrane, or inhibit inflammatory factors according to their mechanism of action. Although there are limited specific drugs for the treatment of CAG, progress is being made in defining the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of the disease. Growing evidence shows that NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/ β-catenin, MAPK, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Hedgehog, and VEGF signaling pathways play an important role in the development of CAG

Effect of tungsten based coating characteristics on microstructure and thermal conductivity of diamond/Cu composites prepared by pressueless infiltration

Tungsten coatings were deposited on diamond particles by vacuum magnetron sputtering. The coated diamond particles were firstly heat treated at different temperatures, and diamond/copper (Cu) composites were fabricated by using a pressureless infiltration method afterwards. The influences of heat treatment on the microstructure and composition of tungsten based coating surface and diamond/copper composites were analysed. Notable differences were found in the microstructure with heating temperatures. Moreover, the tungsten based coating surface contained large quantities of oxidised tungsten, and the phase composition of the coatings varied within the range of tungsten–W 2 C–WC as the heat treatment temperature increased. The fracture surface morphologies in the copper matrix composites reinforced with diamond particles with coatings were identically characterised with the presence of ductile fracture of matrix accompanied by dissociation of diamond particles from the matrix. The thermal conductivity (TC) and gas tightness behaviours of the diamond/copper composites were also explored. A maximum TC of 768 W m −1 K −1 and a fine gas tightness of 2.5 × 10-10 Pa m 3 /s were obtained with reinforcement of tungsten-coated diamond particles treated at 800 °C. The value of the interface thermal resistance between copper and diamond particles was also estimated and specifically discussed. Accepted Author ManuscriptImPhys/Optic

Improved LightGBM-Based Framework for Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Multi Health Indicators

To improve the prediction accuracy and prediction speed of battery remaining useful life (RUL), this paper proposes an improved light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM)-based framework. Firstly, the features from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and incremental capacity-differential voltage (IC-DV) curve are extracted, and the open circuit voltage and temperature are measured; then, those are regarded as multi HIs to improve the prediction accuracy. Secondly, to adaptively adjust to multi HIs and improve prediction speed, the loss function of the LightGBM model is improved by the adaptive loss. The adaptive loss is utilized to adjust the loss function form and limit the saturation value for the first-order derivative of the loss function so that the improved LightGBM can achieve an adaptive adjustment to multiple HIs (ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film resistance, Warburg resistance, loss of conductivity, loss of active material, loss of lithium ion, isobaric voltage drop time, and surface average temperature) and limit the impact of error on the gradient. The model parameters are optimized by the hyperparameter optimization method, which can avoid the lower training efficiency caused by manual parameter adjustment and obtain the optimal prediction performance. Finally, the proposed framework is validated by the database from the battery aging and performance testing experimental system. Compared with traditional prediction methods, GBDT (1.893%, 4.324 s), 1D-CNN (1.308%, 47.381 s), SVR (1.510%, 80.333 s), RF (1.476%, 852.075 s), and XGBoost (1.119%, 24.912 s), the RMSE and prediction time of the proposed framework are 1.078% and 15.728 s under the total HIs. The performance of the proposed framework under a different number of HIs is also analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can achieve the optimal prediction accuracy (98.978%) under the HIs of resistances, loss modes, and isobaric voltage drop time.</p

Two-Level Self-Thickening Mechanism of a Novel Acid Thickener with a Hydrophobic-Associated Structure during High-Temperature Acidification Processes

Two acid thickeners, ADMC and ADOM, were prepared by aqueous solution polymerization using acrylamide (AM) and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as raw materials, with or without the introduction of octadecyl polyoxyethylene ether methacrylate (OEMA). It was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and the fluorescence spectra of pyrene. The double-layer thickening mechanism of ADOM was proved by comparing the thickening and rheological properties of ADMC and ADOM tested by a six-speed rotary viscometer and a HAKKE MARSIV rheometer during the acidification process. The results showed that the synthetic product was the target product; the first stage of the self-thickening ADOM fresh acid solution during high-temperature acidification was mainly affected by Ca2+ concentration, and the second stage of self-thickening was mainly affected by temperature. The residual viscosity of the 0.8 wt% ADOM residual acid solution was 250, 201.5, and 61.3 mPa·s, respectively, after shearing at 90, 120, and 150 °C for 60 min at a shear rate of 170 s−1. The thickening acid ADOM with a hydrophobic association structure has good temperature resistance and shear resistance, which can be used for high-temperature deep-well acid fracturing. In addition, no metal crosslinking agent was introduced in the system to avoid damage to its formation, and ADOM exhibited good resistance to Ca2+, which could provide ideas for the reinjection of the acidizing flowback fluid. It also has certain advantages for environmental protection