Understanding preservice physical education teachers’ teacher identity

Quality physical education programs are essential in preventing childhood obesity, and its implementation depends on the quality of preservice physical education teachers (PPETs) who may develop a strong teacher identity in physical education. However, existing research in PPET-TI is very sparse. This study aimed to examine the essential elements of PPET-TI and the psychometric properties of the scale measuring PPET-TI. Two studies were conducted using a mixed-methods research design. In study 1, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 PPETs. Three essential themes were identified: self-definition of roles and projected professional positions, teaching goals, and professional responsibilities for self-growth and changing the physical education profession. In study 2, survey items were developed based on results from study 1 and a literature review, which were evaluated by 10 experts to establish content validity. A survey of 26 items was distributed to 552 PPETs’ to examine validity and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis and model specification revealed an adequate model fit to the data for a 17-item PPET-TI Scale consisting of three domains: self-definition, teaching goals, and professional responsibilities. Convergent validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity of the scale scores were also adequate. The scores of the PPET-TI Scale showed an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .91 for the entire scale). It is recommended to use the PPET-TI Scale for PPET recruitment, PETE program effectiveness evaluation, and PETE curriculum improvement. Future studies may use the PPET-TI Scale to identify influencing factors of identity development.Curriculum and Instructio

Competitive accretion in the protocluster G10.6-0.4?

We present the results of high spatial resolution observations at 1.1 mm waveband, with the Submillimetre Array (SMA), towards the protocluster G10.6-0.4. The 1.1 mm continuum emission reveals seven dense cores, towards which infall motions are all detected with the red-shifted absorption dips in HCN (3--2) line. This is the first time that infall is seen towards multiple sources in a protocluster. We also identified four infrared point sources in this region, which are most likely Class 0/I protostars. Two jet-like structures are also identified from Spitzer/IRAC image. The dense core located in the centre has much larger mass than the off-centre cores. The clump is in overall collapse and the infall motion is supersonic. The standard deviation of core velocities and the velocity differences between the cores and the cloud/clump are all larger than the thermal velocity dispersion. The picture of G10.6-0.4 seems to favor the "competitive accretion" model but needs to be tested by further observations.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Submitted to MNRA

SMA Observations of W3(OH) Complex: Physical and Chemical Differentiation between W3(H2_2O) and W3(OH)

We report on the Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of molecular lines at 270 GHz toward W3(OH) and W3(H$_2$O) complex. Although previous observations already resolved the W3(H$_2$O) into two or three sub-components, the physical and chemical properties of the two sources are not well constrained. Our SMA observations clearly resolved W3(OH) and W3(H$_2$O) continuum cores. Taking the advantage of the line fitting tool XCLASS, we identified and modeled a rich molecular spectrum in this complex, including multiple CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$OH transitions in both cores. HDO, C$_2$H$_5$CN, O$^{13}$CS, and vibrationally excited lines of HCN, CH$_3$CN, and CH$_3$OCHO were only detected in W3(H$_2$O). We calculate gas temperatures and column densities for both cores. The results show that W3(H$_{2}$O) has higher gas temperatures, and larger column densities than W3(OH) as previously observed, suggesting physical and chemical differences between the two cores. We compare the molecular abundances in W3(H$_2$O) to those in the Sgr B2(N) hot core, the Orion KL hot core and the Orion Compact Ridge, and discuss the chemical origin of specific species. An east-west velocity gradient is seen in W3(H$_2$O), and the extension is consistent with the bipolar outflow orientation traced by water masers and radio jets. A north-south velocity gradient across W3(OH) is also observed. However, with current observations we can not assure if the velocity gradients are caused by rotation, outflow or radial velocity differences of the sub-components in W3(OH).Comment: Accepted by Ap

Served as Social Actors or Instrumental Role? Understanding the Usage of Smart Product from the Dual Processing Perspective

Based on the Dual processing theory, this study proposes that customers form their decision of smart products usage through two paths of: emotional and functional, at the same time. These paths are related to two types of behavior modes: affect-oriented which reflects the emotional or psychological demands we need, and the task-oriented which reflects essential needs for us to make use of these products. The behavior modes, represented by anthropomorphism cues and functional cues respectively, influence different kinds of trust, affect-based and cognition-based, and then determine the usage of smart products. The results will be examine through data collection in the near future. And we hope that the results could unravel several important findings and bring some managerial implications for manufacturers to improve their products

Assessing Customer-Based Brand Equity of E-Commerce Platform Based on Promotion Benefits

The prosperity of e-commerce in China leads to large amount of businesses venturing into this marketplace. Sales promotion has been widely used to improve their advantage, while platform-based sales promotion has been confirmed more successful. This research examines the impacts of the benefits of sales promotions based on electronic commerce platforms on customer-based brand equity (platform brand awareness and platform brand association) and how their relationships are moderated by the promotion type (pre- and post-purchase promotion). Based on the two functions of sales promotions (stimulation vs. maintaining), we propose a five-benefit framework including exploration, convenience, savings, social bonds and structural bonds. We suggested that both the two types of sales promotion could provide the five benefits of sales promotions and the positive effects of the benefits on consumer-based brand equity might be significant, while the differences between pre- and post-purchase sales promotions could be also significant

The Duality of Autonomy on Continuous Usage of Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs): From Agency Perspective

Based on the contradictory phenomenon of rapid development of Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) embedded in smart IoT devices, this study examines the dual role of IPAs Autonomy (in terms of decision-making autonomy, scheduling autonomy and methods autonomy) in influencing users’ IPAs usage through users’ experience of agency. Drawing on agency theories, we identify two different types of experience of agency — perceived competence and perceived uncertainty. We hypothesize that these two contradictory aspects of experiences of agency would well explain the complex relationship between IPAs autonomy and IPAs usage. Scale development and data collection would be conducted for the future work. It is expected that the findings of this study could contribute to theoretical and practical implications for the design of IPAs

Geodynamic setting of Late Cretaceous Sn–W mineralization in southeastern Yunnan and northeastern Vietnam

The Sn–W mineralization in SE Yunnan Province, China and NE Vietnam shares many similarities. Through comparing the geological and geochronological data, we suggest the Sn–W deposits and the associate igneous rocks in the region represent one regional magmatic-mineralization event. To explore the geodynamic setting of these mineralization and magmatic activities, a geochronological dataset in the regions has been presented, containing data of this study and previously published. The dataset shows that the Late Cretaceous magmatic–mineralization–metamorphic activities widely distribute along the eastern Asian continental margin. Existing studies support that this is the product of the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent, which probably formed under an Andean-type active continental margin setting. According to the exhibited data, we preliminarily conclude that the late Cretaceous magmatic and Sn–W mineralization activities in the southeast Yunnan and northeast Vietnam region is one part of this subduction activities and should have formed under the same geodynamic setting