65 research outputs found
Incommensurate Magnetic Order in Hole-Doped Infinite-layer Nickelate Superconductors
Magnetism and superconductivity are closely entangled, elucidating the
magnetic interactions in nickelate superconductors is at the heart of
understanding the pairing mechanism. Our first-principles and spin-wave theory
calculations highlight that NdNiO is in the vicinity of a transition
between a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic (AFM) state and a
three-dimensional (3D) C-AFM state. Both states could accurately reproduce the
experimentally measured magnetic excitation spectra, which was previously
explained in terms of a 2D model. We further reveal that hole doping stabilizes
an incommensurate (IC) spin state and the IC wave vector increases
continuously. Direct links between hole doping, magnetization, exchange
constants, and magnetic order are established, revealing that the competition
between first-neighbor and third-neighbor in-plane magnetic interactions is the
key for the IC magnetic order
Additional Positive Enables Better Representation Learning for Medical Images
This paper presents a new way to identify additional positive pairs for BYOL,
a state-of-the-art (SOTA) self-supervised learning framework, to improve its
representation learning ability. Unlike conventional BYOL which relies on only
one positive pair generated by two augmented views of the same image, we argue
that information from different images with the same label can bring more
diversity and variations to the target features, thus benefiting representation
learning. To identify such pairs without any label, we investigate TracIn, an
instance-based and computationally efficient influence function, for BYOL
training. Specifically, TracIn is a gradient-based method that reveals the
impact of a training sample on a test sample in supervised learning. We extend
it to the self-supervised learning setting and propose an efficient batch-wise
per-sample gradient computation method to estimate the pairwise TracIn to
represent the similarity of samples in the mini-batch during training. For each
image, we select the most similar sample from other images as the additional
positive and pull their features together with BYOL loss. Experimental results
on two public medical datasets (i.e., ISIC 2019 and ChestX-ray) demonstrate
that the proposed method can improve the classification performance compared to
other competitive baselines in both semi-supervised and transfer learning
settings.Comment: 8 page
Structural phase transitions and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 from a second-principles method.
peer reviewedTSARPromospa
Displacive phase transitions in infinite-layer nickelates from first- and second-principles calculations.
peer reviewedPDR Promospa
A Chip for Detecting Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Magnetic Bead Molecule Platform
Objective: A Tag Array chip was used to detect plasmids of different template concentration, and then analyzed for sensitivity and specificity. Drug resistance genes from tuberculosis clinical specimens were detected, giving comparative phenotypic resistance results to explore the feasibility and value of clinical applications.Methods: Twenty-four strains of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) having sequence differences in extracted plasmids of mutant strains. The plasmid was diluted into different concentrations, and then was performed to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the chip system. A total of 427 clinical specimens (including spinal tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis) were collected from patients who came from seven hospitals. Design, optimization and preparation of the chip detection system, sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility results were analyzed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the gene chip.Results: In the template, concentrations of 1 × 103 copies/μL and above were consistent with sequencing results in the mutant. The sensitivity and specificity in spine Tuberculosis specimen of rifampicin (RFP) were 94.40 and 92.86%; isoniazide (INH) were 92.37 and 87.50%; ethambutol (EMB) were 61.36 and 89.29%; fluoroquinolones (FQS) were 79.41 and 92.86%; streptomycin (SM) were 90.18 and 89.29%; second line drugs (SLD) were 77.61 and 83.93%. In Pulmonary Tuberculosis specimen, the sensitivity and specificity respectively were RFP: 92.74%; 93.75%; INH: 91.26%; 87.50%; EMB: 54.17%; 89.58%; FQS: 84.87%; 93.75%; SM: 86.73%; 85.42%; SLD: 80.9%; 91.67%. The RFP, INH, FQs and SM resistance genes was highly sensitive and specific: however, for detection of amikacin (AMK), capreomycin (CPM), kanamycin (KM), specificity was higher, but sensitivity was lower. Sensitivity for the detection of a mutation in the eis promoter region could be improved.Conclusion: Tag Array chip can achieve rapid, accurate detection of tuberculosis resistance, which has important clinical significance and feasibility
Ubiquitin ligase RNF125 targets PD-L1 for ubiquitination and degradation
As a critical immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1 is expressed at significantly higher levels in multiple neoplastic tissues compared to normal ones. PD-L1/PD-1 axis is a critical target for tumor immunotherapy, blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 axis is recognized and has achieved unprecedented success in clinical applications. However, the clinical efficacy of therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway remains limited, emphasizing the need for the mechanistic elucidation of PD-1/PD-L1 expression. In this study, we found that RNF125 interacted with PD-L1 and regulated PD-L1 protein expression. Mechanistically, RNF125 promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination of PD-L1 and mediated its degradation. Notably, MC-38 and H22 cell lines with RNF125 knockout, transplanted in C57BL/6 mice, exhibited a higher PD-L1 level and faster tumor growth than their parental cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of RNF125 in MC-38 and H22 cells had the opposite effect, resulting in lower PD-L1 levels and delayed tumor growth compared with parental cell lines. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of MC-38 tumors with RNF125 overexpression showed significantly increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Consistent with these findings, analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database revealed a positive correlation of RNF125 expression with CD4+, CD8+ T cell and macrophage tumor infiltration. Moreover, RNF125 expression was significantly downregulated in several human cancer tissues, and was negatively correlated with the clinical stage of these tumors, and patients with higher RNF125 expression had better clinical outcomes. Our findings identify a novel mechanism for regulating PD-L1 expression and may provide a new strategy to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy
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